354 STATE HORTICULTURAL. SOCIETY. 



enable us to meet and overcome them, one of which is the codlin moth, 

 which is perhaps the worst enemy of the apple, becoming more serious 

 ^ach year. Its natural history and habits is perhaps the first thing to be 

 considered. We will commence with its first appearance in the spring, 

 which occurs about the time apple trees are ready to blossom, in the form 

 of a small gray moth. As soon as the blossoms fall and the apple is 

 formed, this moth deposits one or more eggs in the calyx or blossom end 

 of the apple, which at this time is always upright and remains so until the 

 fruit grows to such size and weight as to cause them to turn downward, 

 hanging to the stem just the reverse of the position they occupied when 

 first formed. It is during the time that the blossom end is up that the 

 egg is deposited in the calyx. In about eight to ten days these eggs hatch 

 into tiny worms, which begin to eat into the apple and soon find their 

 way to the core. Then the apple drops from the tree, carrying the worm 

 with it. This worm soon eats its way out of the apple and conceals itself 

 under the bark of the tree or some other convenient hiding place, winds 

 itself into a cocoon, from which in time it comes out a moth, the same as 

 those that deposited the eggs. The second crop of moths are now ready 

 to deposit more eggs, somewhere on the apples, and those eggs soon hatch 

 into tiny worms, the same as those in the spring, which eat their way into 

 the apple as before, and after some time eat their way out at any part of 

 the apple. It is this second crop of worms that causes wormy apples in 

 the fall. Some of these worms remain in the apples and only eat their 

 way out during winter, when they wind themselves in cocoons and hatch 

 into moths in the spring; and this is the point where we commenced with 

 them. Any one can now see that if we can destroy the first eggs we can 

 prevent the apples from dropping, and also prevent the second crop of 

 worms later in the summer, and by that means save the apple from the 

 ravages of this second crop, as they are the cause of wormy apples in the 

 fall. As has already been stated, at the time the eggs are deposited the 

 blossom ends stand up, and any poisonous matter thrown on the apple 

 falls into these cups and there remains until the newly hatched worm eats 

 and dies. By the use of spraying pumj)S a solution of one pound of Lon- 

 don purple or Paris green to 800 gallons of water can be thrown on the 

 tree so as to reach the apples. This will naturally fall into these cups. 

 This spraying should be done within ten days after the blossoms drop. 

 Six days would be better, then repeat the operation ten days later. This 

 is the most effectual remedy known. 



P. C Potts : I have often found that the worms eat their way out of 

 one apple and then eat their way into another apple if they hang so as to 

 come together near where the worm comes out. Others have observed the 

 same thing. 



G. H. LaFleur: There were some thoughts presented by Mr. Brace- 

 LIN, in his paper, worthy of consideration. One of the ideas expressed in 

 that paper was that fruitgrowers needed the benefit of such meetings as 

 this, and especially that part referring to the importance of making use of 

 what we learn by 4)utting it into practice. There is need of a better 

 understanding among fruitgrowers, and a chance for great improvement, 

 beginning with the nurserymen. In growing the trees; in selecting the 

 scions and the stock to graft upon ; the manner of growing the trees ; the 

 management of the orchard; in buying the trees and handling the orchard 

 and the fruit. There is much to be learned and put into practice in 

 packing and shij)ping fruit and the matter of establishing evaporators for 



