20 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1913. 



potteries from Japan, with a few examples from Korea and Russia; 

 and stone and bone work and ornaments from India, Cambodia, and 

 Indo-China. 



In the outer row of cases are shown late Italian pottery ; stone im- 

 plements, potteries, and ornaments from the Lacustrine and Terre- 

 mare periods in Italy; stone implements from the earliest times down 

 to the neolithic period, accompanied by osseous remains and bone 

 implements; paleoliths from the river drift and from caves and bar- 

 rows in England and Ireland, with numerous remains of contempo- 

 rary animals; paleoliths from France in which the several divisions 

 and classifications of the paleolithic epoch, such as the Chelleen, 

 Mousterien, and the wonderful art of the caverns of Dordogne in the 

 Aurignacian period are well represented and supplemented by animal 

 bones and bone artifacts; a large number of chipped and polished 

 stone tools, with the appurtenant bones and pottery fragments, illus- 

 trating advanced stages of the neolithic in England and France; 

 objects of stone, pottery, ornaments, agricultural products and the 

 model of a pile house settlement from Switzerland; a collection of 

 stone implements from Scandinavia; and illustrations of the primitive 

 stages of culture in Somaliland, Cape Colony, Tasmania, Victoria, and 

 New South Wales. 



Ainerican archeology. — This division comprehends all that relates 

 to American archeology, historic and prehistoric, continental and 

 insular, and as regards northern America its collections are among 

 the most important in existence. All branches of the collections have 

 been drawn upon for the exhibition series, but the representation of 

 the aborigines of the United States greatly preponderates. The space 

 occupied for this display, aggregating in extent 22,540 square feet, com- 

 prises the east hall in the second story of the north wing, about 187 feet 

 8 inches long by 31 feet wide, and the entire east range in the same story, 

 with a length of 316 feet 10 mches and a width of 54 feet 2 inches. 



While the natural geographical classification is primarily by con- 

 tinents and island groups, and secondarily by ethnic areas or peoples, 

 for purposes of exhibition, where the public must be considered, the 

 secondary classification has been arranged by political divisions — by 

 countries and states. Classification by peoples, that is, by races, 

 stocks and tribes, is feasible in some cases, as, for example, the 

 antiquities of the Eskimo can be separated in a general way from 

 those of the Indian tribes, and those of the Aztecs from those of the 

 Maya or Incas, but in all cases the distinctions grow less definite as 

 we go backward in time and are finally lost. These ethnic groups 

 are, however, the essential units of research, since a principal pur- 

 pose in all archeological investigation is to acquire fuller knowledge 

 of the history of particular peoples, but the science of archeology finds 

 its greatest usefulness in contributing to the history of culture in its 



