FARMERS' INSTITUTES. 71 



egg hatches the worm enters the fruit and proceeds at once to spoil it. It 

 indulges in this mischievous frolic for about twenty days, when it leaves the 

 apple and spins its cocoon in some snug corner. In about two weeks a moth 

 hatches from this cocoon, and again the egg-laying, apple-eating, cocoon-spin- 

 ning process goes on ; but this second batch of cocoons does not hatch until 

 the next spring. AVhat are we to do about all this? I have seen many a man 

 cultivate and lay out a plat of ground for a garden, sow the seeds, set out young 

 plants and tend them for a few weeks, but the task became irksome soon, the 

 weeds got a start, and at tlie time when he should have been enjoying rich 

 repasts of garden delicacies he was obliged to content himself by sending some 

 of his "young hopefuls" to blister their hands upon the gigantic pigweeds 

 and red-roots. I have seen young people start a diary January 1st. and heard 

 them declare they would keep it correct for the year; but the March winds 

 cooled their ai-dor. and found many blank leaves of February. It is this lack 

 of perseverance on our part which enables insects to get our best farm products. 

 If a man bnys and transplants a hundred fruit trees and leaves nature to do 

 the cultivating, pruning, etc., he must not expect large fruit returns. The 

 codling moth can be fought successfully only by the combined efforts of a 

 neigliborhood. Eight or ten of our neighbors can rear more than any one of 

 us can hope to destroy. Some few of the worms fall to the ground with the 

 fruit and could be destroyed by turning hogs into the orchard if convenient. 

 If you dont turn in the hogs keep the ground free from all chunks and clods 

 which would afford the worms a hiding place. Most of the worms leave the 

 apple before it falls, and crawl down the tree seeking a nest. Remove all loose 

 bark from the tree. Now take carpet paper and cut into strips five or six 

 inches wide, long enough to go around the trees and lap a little. Fasten with 

 a tack driven in about half way to tlie head. The worms will spin their cocoons 

 on the under side of this band. The bands should be placed around the trees 

 about the middle of June and examined every ten days until the last of August. 

 They need noc be attended to again until after fruit gathering, when they 

 should all be removed and laid by for next year's use. Many worms will be 

 found in the fruit that is taken to the cellar, and by a little close examination 

 many cocoons may be found and destroyed. 



Within a few years a new insect has appeared among us whose only delight 

 seems to be in stocking our cabbages with, as the ladies say, those horrid green 

 worms. The parent of this evil is a small white butterfly, spotted more or less 

 witli black dots, wiiich may be caught from the first sunny week in spring until 

 the last cabbage is taken in in late fall. Two broods are hatched each year. 

 The early females lay their eggs on the under side of the cabbage leaves ; upon 

 hatching the larva3 feeds for some time upon the leaf, then forms a chrysalis 

 from wliich a butterfly soon comes, which proceeds at once to rear a new gen- 

 eration upon whatever is left of crop. The chrysalids of this last batch of 

 worms do not hatch until the next spring. Many remedies have been tried 

 with more or less success. These butterflies are slow fliers and are easily taken 

 witii a net and destroyed. Take a cask and place it near the center of a small 

 patch ; fill with water and dissolve enough whale oil soap to give a strong solu- 

 tion. The smell of this will keep many butterflies at a distance, for it is sure 

 death if tliey come in contact with the liquid. About once a week the cab- 

 bages should be sprinkled with the solution. It has been, and I have often 

 recommended the killing of the chrysalids; but just before completing this 

 paper I examined about 500 chrysalids, which I obtained from the side of a 

 dwelling-house and only about a dozen of them were alive. I say alive, but 



