FARMERS' INSTITUTES. 153 



codling moth. lie said that woolen cloth for bands was much better than 

 paper. After the first brood the successive broods are not migratory, as has 

 been proved from the fact that of two orciiards side by side, the one in which 

 the trees were banded was not at all injured, whereas the other was nearly 

 destroyed. 



Question in Box. — Can the bearing year of apples be changed? 



Dr. Roe. — I am unable to answer that question. 



Mr. John Irwin thought the reason to be tliat a tree bears one year too full 

 and consequently does not have strength to bear the next year. He believed 

 in a judicious picking of the fruit off from some branches, and would pick 

 the apples when quite small. He did not speak from experience. 



Mr. Glydden wanted to know of Prof. Cook if it were true that there were 

 two kinds of tent caterpillers? 



Prof. Cook said too much stress could not be put on the use of concerted 

 action in fighting insects. He believed that hogs were of some value in fighting 

 the codling moth, and he is quite sure that the hogs catch one-half of the cod- 

 ling moths. If the birds are not killed they will take a good portion of the 

 other half. Bands of woolen or paper lined with cotton are better than paper 

 alone. These bands should be removed in hot weather once in 8 days, in cold 

 weather once in 10 days. The best way to get rid of this moth is to hire a 

 boy to tend to all the orchards in the neighborhood. 



Mr. Clark. — What time should these bands be put on? 



Prof. Cook. — They should be put on and examined by July 5th. 



Dr. Roe said he had not much experience with hogs in an orchard, but he 

 had examined quite extensively the apples that fall. He did not find more than 

 one in ten falls off. He said that Paris green would not affect the apples. 



Mr. Irwin said he believed the doctor was mistaken, for he found the apples 

 that fall to the ground to be generally full of moths, and that these apples if 

 put into the cellar, would send forth full fledged codling moths. 



Mr. Glydden said that he did not object to seeds of common apples, as it is 

 well known the common crab is a very tough tree. Our very best seed comes 

 from our natural fruit ; our grafted fruit does not furnish plump seed. The 

 character of the fruit is not affected by the seed or root. 



Mr. Brown cited some experiments that showed that the stock did influence 

 the character of the fruit, especially with reference to the Baldwin apple. 



Chas. F. Howe read the following paper on 



WHEAT CULTUKE. 



Mk. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: — To me has been assigned 

 the duty of presenting for your consideration a few thoughts on "Wheat 

 Culture."' 



I should hesitate long before undertaking this task, did I not know that this 

 audience will not allow any erroneous ideas that I may advance to pass without 

 your corrections. 



It seems to me that the culture of wheat is one of more importance to the 

 people of this part of the State than any other crop raised by the farmer. 



The crop of corn must be used, not only for the purpose of keeping the 

 stock on the farm through our northern winters, but a plentiful supply must be 

 stored, that the teams for labor on the farm may be kept in that condition 

 that all good farmers like to see, who desire the labor of the long summer 

 days, carried forward to a successful termination. The surplus, if any, goes 

 to market in small f^uautities, and coming as it does by littles, and going the 



