FARMER'S INSTITUTES, 189 



soil has been taken off, showing that trees — even forest trees — are very sensi- 

 tive to good or bad treatment. For example, where the top soil was taken ofE 

 in a strip about a rod wide, some butternuts which had grown three years 

 averaged about twenty-two inches in height, and one and five-eighths (If) 

 inches in circumference, while those on each side on good soil averaged about 

 five and one-half (5|) feet in height and four inches in circumference. 



Hoiv Planted, How the Size is Compared. 



The seeds are planted in rows, one way four feet apart. They are planted 

 as soon as ripe in most cases where the trees are wanted. They are kept well 

 cultivated till autumn. In the table below and in the text it will be seen that 

 I have given the height, circumference six inches from the ground, and the 

 weight of good specimens cut off at the surface of the ground. By weighing 

 them, I get at the bulk of the wood to an approximate degree. 



Burr Oaks — {Quercus macrocarpa). 



These when examined, had grown three years. The seeds grew only a few 

 rods from where they were planted. 



White Ashes — {Fraximis Americana). 



By the side of the oaks are three rows of white ashes of the same age, of 

 three years' growth. The seeds of the ash came up evenly and quickly, and 

 grew well. At the end of the first two years they were straight, clean, and 

 without a branch, as will be seen they are large for their age. By the side of 

 these are two rows, which, at the end of one year were transplanted. The 

 size of these is shown in the table. Those transplanted seem to be about one 

 year behind those not moved. 



Basswood or Linden — {Tilia Americana). 



These will be seen to be fully as large as the ashes. They girt from 3| to 

 4f inches, and run up as high as 8 feet. 



Sugar 3faple — {Acer saccharinum) . 



The next come three rows of maples of the same age. One specimen was 

 considerably larger than any of the others. The size is given in the table. 

 The maples are rather uneven in size, and many are quite small. 



Butternuts — {Juglans ciiierea) . 



These come next to the maples. Some of the largest will be seen to have 

 grown very fast for the first three years. The limbs start out about seventeen 

 inches from the ground. 



Chestnuts — {Castama vesca). 



These are rather uneven, most of them came from nuts planted where they 

 were wanted. Some seedlings grew a foot or more in height and blasted and 

 died in August or September. Most of them lived, however. Some were 

 transplanted when one year old. 



Black Walnut — {Juglans nigra). 



These were measured when two years old, and have done well. The red 

 squirrels took some of tlie nuts out of tiie rews where planted. 



