May r, 1884.] 



THE tROPlCAL AGRICULTURIST. 



8^5 



Appendix B.: Review of analyses of Java Cinchona bark 

 during 1880. 



Remarks. — No. 1, original tree in flower; 2, branch bark 

 of four aud five year old Ledgeriaua; 3, yoimg stem bark 

 and branch bark of do do ; 4, renewed bark, 11 months 

 old; 9, stem wood; 10, root wood; 11, leaves, 12, crop 

 1st quality ; 13, crop dust ; 14, crop root bark : 18, covered 

 with moss one year; 19, to 24, renewed bark, two year 

 old ; 25, renewed bark, 32 months old ; 26, renewed bark, 

 36 months old ; 27, original bark same tree, cut off above 

 renewed strips ; 28, original bark same tree, three year 

 old, covered with moss; 29, renewed bark, 22 months 

 onderind joek, uppermost part ; 30, do do do middle 

 part; 31, do do do lowermost; 32, original bark, same 

 tree, cut off above renewed strip ; 33, renewed, with cover- 

 ing, 24 months old ; 32, original bark of same tree ; 35, 

 chips; 40, Koeripan is situated at about 400 ft. above 

 the level of the sea j 41, renewed bark, 2 year old No. 

 1 ; 42, do do No. 2 ; 43, do do No. 3 ;' 44, crop 1st 

 quality ; 45, do dust ; 46, do root bark. 



REPORT On the governjient cinchona 



ENTERPRISE IN JAVA FOR THE YEAR 1881. 



BV J. C. HEKXELOT MOBNS. 



{Translated for the " Tropical Ayricidturist") 

 1. — Weather. — For the first time for two years we ha>i 

 in 1881 once more a regular alternation of rain and tlrought. 

 In the first quaxter February was the driest mouth, in the 

 second quarter the rains continued, so that on Kawah 

 Tjiwidei in the three months 1,092, on Tjinjiroean 643, and 

 on the Taugkoeban Prahoe 435 min. rain fell. In the first 

 days of July the drought began, and this lasted until the 

 beginning of November, when the west monsoon set in 

 in force. In January about 2,000 trees were destroyed by 

 a storm on Nagrak ; the other establishments did not suffer 

 from it. Durmg the dry monsoon night frost was again 

 twice experienced. In the same gardens where, in 1877 

 plants were killed by it, tlat, in some measure basin- 

 shaped spots on the plantation at Tjibitoeng, the trees 

 again suffered most. A IJ year old group of C. succirubra, 

 consisting of v^ery well developed trees, was damaged the 

 worst : they were frosted down to the ground ; but there 

 was enough of the lower part of the stem spared to allow 

 of sprouts to be formed on it, which are now growing 

 vigorously. The weather was on the whole very favourable 

 for the growth of the trees, anil the comparatively long 

 drought was all on the side of the harvesting. 



2. — Jiicrtase. — At the end of December the number of trees 

 planted in the open had reached 2,036,4^0. Of this 73,000 

 are grafts »nd cuttings of C. i«/^«;m!ia aud 547,480 Ledg- 

 eriana seed-plants. In the nursery beds there were also 

 515,000 plants of this variety, of which 8,600 were cuttings 

 and grafts. As in 1880, so in the past year, the quantity of 

 Ledgeriaua seed from the original trets was very small : 

 the continuous rains of 18S0 deprived the trees of the rest 

 which is necessary in this variety for an abundant blos- 

 soming, lu 1881 circumstances were much more favour- 

 able, so that a larger crop of seed may be reckoned on 

 for 1882. As all the seed of the original trees was needed 

 for the Government plantations, a number of analyses were 

 made to ascertain which of the plantations of C. Ledgeriana 

 descendants were richest in quinine, in order to furnish 

 seed to private planters. As a result of this a plantation at 

 Rioeng Goenoeng. consisting of descendants of mother- 

 plant No. 4, was set apart for that purpose. Ten of the 

 best trees of this garden gave 8-45 p. c. quinine, ten less 

 good 6-39 p. c, so that it may be assumed that the seed sup- 

 plied is obtained from trees with a medium yield of 74 p. c. 

 quinine. The grafting of Ledgeriaua on succirubra stems 

 was continued. As the European nurseryman E. Veulemaus 

 had asked for his discharge at the end of the previous 

 year, the giafting was continued by the native grafters 

 trained by him. It appeared however that although these 

 were suitable for the mecharucal work, the wliole care of 

 the plants in the nursery boxes could not be entrusted to 

 them, so that it is intended to obtain from the Netherlands 

 a new nurseryman, acquainted with the method of grafting 

 adopted here. The planting of C. succirv.hra on places which 

 from one cause or another are not suited for C. Ledymana 

 was continued steadily. Their number exceeded 147,300. 

 C. olficinalis is still confined solely to Kendeug Patoeha : 

 the number of plants in the open now reaches 458,100, or 

 50,050 more than in 1880. In May another welcome lot 

 of seed was received from the Netherlands Consul at La 



Paz, Heer Schuhkraf t. From this have been obtained : 



. 5,500 plants of the finest Cahsaya of Mapiri, 

 6,200 „ „ fine „ „ 



260 „ „ CaUsaya of Inquisivi, 



270 „ Oocola, 



1,400 „ Zamba morada, and 



3,700 „ DurazmiUo. 



Although the plants are still too small for us to be al)le to 

 decide with certainty as to the varieties, it is evident that 

 the first three belong to a variety closely related to C 

 Lediftriana. Cocola is abandoned as an inferior variety: the 

 seed is very peculiar aud agrees only with that of the C. 

 cordifolia of Venezula ; the last two varieties must apparent- 

 ly be conuecte^d with C. Josephiana. 



3. — Extension and Upkeep. — At Rioen Goenoeng, Kendeng 

 Patoeha and Tirtasari the land opened in the previous 

 year was cleared for plants. Of the land reserved for the 

 lastnamed establishment 7 bouws besides were opened. 

 The uprooting of fields of Cahsaya was proceeded with Oji 



