June 2, 1884.] 



THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST, 



g2i 



succirubra. Self-sown seedlings. 15. 4,750 feet, Succi- 

 rubra and hybrid. Ledger had done well in all situations 

 where tried. 16. 5,000 feet, Plants from seed unsatisfactory. 



17. -1,600 to 6,000 feet, Officinalis and hybrids from 5,300 

 feet upwards and succirubra below that. 18. 4.300 feet, 

 Succirubra cuttiugs. 19. 4.200 feet, Succirubra and hybrid 

 from seed. 20. 2,300 to 4,300 feet, do., do. 21. 4,000 feet, 

 Succirubra from seed and cuttings. 22. 4,200 feet, Succiru- 

 bra from Hakgala cuttings. 



Question 2. If from seed, where was the seed obtained 

 and what was the age of the trees that yielded the seed ? 



Answer. 1. Seed from Hakgala trees. 2. Seed from 

 Gallela, Muturatta. 3. Seed from India, Ceylon and Java, 

 age of trees unknown. 4. Seed from Hakgala trees. 6. 

 Abbot sford and Indian seed. Ledger from Java. 7. Oeylon 

 seed. 8. Seed from India and Ceylon. 11. Seed from 

 Ossington Estate, India. 12. Seed from trees from Hak- 

 gala, 8 to 10 years old. 13. Seed from India. 14. Seed 

 from Tillicoultry, age 5 years. 15. Seed from Hakgala trees, 

 5 to 7 years. 16. Indian seed. 17. Seed from Nilgiris, 

 Darjeeling and Java. 19. Seed from old Hakgala trees. 

 20. Seed from Hakgala trees. 21. Various. 



Questions. If from cutting give the origin of the stock ? 



Answer. 2. Hakgala cuttings. 4. Do. do. (Offi- 

 cinalis). 6. Little experience. 10. Hakgala cuttings. 11. 

 Cuttings from Hakgala. 13. Hakgala cuttings. 15. 

 Hakg»la cuttings. 17. Cuttings from succirubra on estate. 



18. Hakgala cuttiugs. 21. "N'arious. 



Question 4. Have you found any difference between 

 seed from shaved and unshaved trees ? 



Answer. 1. No difference. 2. Prefers seed from unshaved 

 trees. 4. No difference observed, 6. Do. do. 9. Do. 

 do. 15. Do. do. 17. Do. 20. Do. do. 



Sectiom 2. — Flantiiig. 



Question 1. Have you found plants, stumps, or cuttings 

 to answer best ;■■ 



Answer. 10, 18,22, 5, 3, 17, 14 , 11, 7, 19, 8, I, 9 and 20. 

 Plants. 15. Plants from cuttings. 2. Plants from cuttings. 



4. Plants, cutting in doubtful weather. 21. Plants and 

 cuttings. 16. Stumps. 6. Nursery plants. 



Question 2. Have you found lioles, forking, or dibbling 

 answer best ? If holes, what size of hole do you prefer ? 



Answer. 3. Small holes. 5 and 17. Dibbling.. 7, 10, 

 14, 15. 4, 8, 18, 19, 20 and 22. Holes varying from 12 to 

 18 inches. 11. Holes, 15 in. 150 cooly. 12. Dibbling in 



5. A\'. monsoon. Holing in N.-E. 1,13, and 21. Forking. 

 2. Holes and forking. 16. Forking and dibbling. 6. De- 

 pends on soil. 



Question 3. Have you succeeded in growing cinchona 

 the second time where it has been uprooted or died before? 



Answer. 5, 6, 40, 11, 17, IS. 22, 7. 12, 15. 2, 19, 1 and 

 21. No. 3. Yes. when it has died another variety has 

 grown. 20. No. where uprooted, grown fairly well. 



Question 4. Do you prefer self-sown or um*sery plants? 



Answer. 5, 10, 17. 7, 15. 13, 8, 9, 1,21, 16. Nursery 

 plants. 22, 18, 14. 12, 4, 2, 2». Self-.sown. 11, 19, 6. No 

 preference. 3. Nursery of solf-sown seedlings. 



Section 3.—CuUivation. 



Question 1. What mode of cultivation have you found 

 best for stimulating the growth of tree other than 

 manuring ? 



Answer. 3, 5. 10. Lopping lower bi-anches. 17. Shav- 

 ing. 14. Lopping, forking and cutting off seed. 11, 16, 

 20. Forking. 2. Lopping and forking. 9. Lopping, 

 pruning and lopping. 6. Lopping and pruning. 1. Bar- 

 ing crown roots. 



Question 2. What manure gives the best results? 



Answer. 11, 14, 15. Cattle manure. 6 Fresh cattle man- 

 ure, salts of ammonia, bones and coconut poonac. 2. 

 Lime compost, coconut poonac and bones. 



Question 3. What style of lopping do you find to 

 answer best ? 



Answer. 4, 7, 20. Moderate lopping. 3. Gradual lop- 

 ping beginning at one year, leaving ^ to J. 10. Lop 

 lightly between ages of 3 and 5. 18. Lopping two lower 

 branches annually. 17. Lower branches. 11. Two branches 

 twice a year. 5. Lopping half way up. 12. Low branches 

 at 2i years. 15. Lopping as required when in coffee. 8. 

 Lopping ?: to f. 2. Moderate Inppiug beginniug at one 

 to 2 years. 9. Pair of branches every mouths. 1. Moderate 



117 



and yearly G. Undecided. 



Question 4. Have you tried pruning the upper part of 

 the tree, and if so was it successf al ? 



Answer. 9. Yes; Yes. 6. Yes; Yes. 



Question 5. Do your trees seed profusely, and, if so, at 

 what age ? Can you give any reason for their doing so ? 



Answer. 3. Officinalis seed at 3 years old owing to bad .soil, 

 seed, or climate. 18. Unhealthy trees at two years. Ac- 

 counted for by plants being raised from seed from immature 

 trees. 10. Officinalis have not seeded so much since shaving. 

 17. Seeding before 5 years, sign of sickness. II. Succi- 

 rubra seed at 5 years because they have come to maturity. 

 12. From pruning. 6. Yes, trees unhealthy. 15. Succi- 

 rubra seed from 4 to 5 years, Ledger 4 to 6, officinalis 2 to 



3. Degeneration of stock is the cause of early seeding. 

 19. Trees 7 years old have not seeded. 2. Seed from soil 

 and climate being unsuitable. 9. Seed owing to a check 

 in the flow of sap. 1. Increased by shaving. 16. Consid- 

 ers seeding a sure sign of death, officinalis seed more freely 

 in coffee than in clearing. 



Question 6. State any system of cultivation you have 

 found effectual in preventing or checking .seeding. 



Answer. 10. Found cutting off blossom to fail. 14. Cutting 

 off seed. II. Lopping prevents seeding. 4. Cutting off 

 blossom sa%'es many trees. 



Question 7. Do you consider that shaving causes trees 

 to seed earlier than they otherwise wr uld ? 



Answer. 3, 18, 5, 8, 1, 2. Yes. 16, 21, 9, 19, 12, 14. 

 No. 10. With succirubra and hybrid. Yes. Not with 

 officinalis. 6. Certainly not if carefully done. 11. Ex- 

 cessive shaving may cause succirubra to seed, not officinalis. 

 15. Do do 4. Light shaving doubtful, heavy shaving 

 undoubtedly. 



Question 8. How do you account foi canker ? 



Answer. 3, 5, 2, 22, 14, 12, 16. Dampness. 18. Damp- 

 ness and inimatture seed. 10. Do. and clay. 11. Degen- 

 erate plants and unsuit.iblo soil. 7. Unsuitable soil. 15. 

 Degenerate stock and unsuitable land. 4. Dampness and 

 bad seed. 8. Unsuitability of soil and weak stock. 19. 

 Wind. 20. Unsuitable land. 9. Damp substance against 

 the stem. 1. Damp around roots and crown. 6. Ex- 

 cessive moisture and seefl from cankered trees. 



Question 9. Do you think the successive generations 

 of cinchona are more liable to it than the original stock ? 



Answer. 22. 18, 5, 14, 11, 7, 12, 15, 13, 2, 20, 1, 16. Yes. 



4, 17. No. 3, 10 No. Seasons to blame. 19. Yes, doubt- 

 ful if cause is canker. 9, 6. Yes, owing to trees being can- 

 kered when seed was taken. 



Question 10. Have you found any treatment that stops 

 or checks it ? 



Answer. 3, 5, 10, 18, 22, 17, 13, 14, 15, 19, 4, 20, 21. No. 6, 

 9. Kemoviug damp substance from collar of tree. 11. Fork- 

 ing checks it. 2. Forking. 7, 8. Baring roots and collar 

 occasionally does good. 1. Baring roots. 16. Collar canker 

 can be checked by baring roots. 



Question 11. Have you had any experience in foreign 

 seed and if so have yon found the plants raised from it 

 less liable to canker than those from local seed ? 



Answer. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 22, 17, 21, 15, 20. No differ- 

 ence noticed. 9, 11, 13, 16. Less liable. 19. Foreign seed 

 proved a failure. 



Question 12. Have you found that cutting off the blossom 

 and seed strengthens the tree or improves the analysis ? 



Answer. ■>, 11,14,8,9. ■" 'I. 20. Strengthens the tree. 3. 

 Strengthens the tree and saves deaths. 18. Has improved 

 the tree. 6. Strengthens the tree ; should increase alkaloids. 

 1. Does not strengthen tree. 



Section 4. — Harvesting. 



Question 1. What method of harvesting do you consider 

 kest : shaving, coppicing, or any other system ? 



Answer. 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 14. Shaving. 2, IS, 19, 20. 

 Shaving and coppicing. 17. Insufficient experience. 10. 

 Shaving up to 5 years. 11. Shaving to 3 and 5 years and 

 coppiciug at 6. 15. Shaving to 3 and 5 years; after cop- 

 pice. 3. Partial shaving. 8. Partial shaving every 6 

 months. 21 Shave once. 13. Coppicing. 



Question 2. If shaving, state {a) at what age you com- 

 menced shaving, (i) what interval you allowed between each 

 shaving ? 



Answer. 19. 34 years; 10 to 12 montl.s, 14. Every 

 6 months. 8, 5 years; 12 months. 10, Officinalis i years, 



