$25 



THE TROPICAL AGMCVtrVRiST, 



fJfuNe>, 1884, 



Succirubi-a 3 years ; every 6 months. 1. 4 years; 6 months. 

 12. 4 years. 18. 3 years ; 12 months. 21. 7 years ; 6 to 

 12 months, o. 2 years ; 6 months. 15. 3 years. 20. 4 

 years; 12 months. 11. Officmalis at 2 J years ; Succirubra 

 3 to 4!j years; Oificinalis 6 moutlis; Succirubra 8 to 9 months. 

 16. 3 years; 6 months. 7. IJ years; 12 months. 4. Offici- 

 nalis 4 years. Succirubra 3 to 4 ; 10 to 12 mt.nths. 9. 2^ 

 to 6 years; 6 mouths. 3. 3 to 4 years; 6 at S months. 

 2. 3 years; 10 at 12 months. 



Question 3. "Whether you covered or not? 



Answer G. 14, 10, 12, 21, 15, 7, 9, 3, 2, 19, 20, 1, 4, 5, 

 18. Yes. 17. Uncertain. 11. Yes. Not necessary with 

 Officinalis. 8 Partial covered. 



Question 4. What material you covered with if any. 



Answer. 6 10,5. I'atana grass. 13, 21, 7, 3, 1, mana 

 grass. 17. 2, Various. 14, 18, Paddy straw and mana 

 grass. 15, 9, 20. Grass. 11. Patana grass and straw. 8. 

 Mauritius, mana and patana grass. 19. Dried mana. 4. 

 Dried patana. 16. Paper and grass. 



Question 5. Whether you covered immediately after 

 shaving or not? 



Anewer. 17, 12, 21, 3, 2, 19, 15. Immediately. 11, 7, 9, 3, 

 Immediately in dry weather. 6. Immediately after until 

 rot appeared. 14. A few weeks after. 10. In dry weather 

 immediate. In wet after a period of 2 months. 8. Various. 

 1, 20,4,5,10,18. Immediately. 



Question C. Whether you shaved off the whole of the 

 cellular bark leaving only the liber, or whether you left the 

 liber with a part of cellular bark '/ 



Answer, ti, 17, 10, 15, 7. 20, 4, 16. Left hber and part of 

 cellular. 12,11,9,3,2,8,19,1,18. Left liber only. 21. 

 The whole. 



Question 7. Whether you kept on the covering until 

 you ne.xt shave or whether you took it off some time 

 before you shaved again ? 



Answ-er. 6, 14, 10, 21, 15, 11, 9, 3, 20, 8, 19, 4. Kept on 

 till next shave. 12, 7. Taken off at beginning of S.-W. 

 mousoou. 18,16. Kept on for 3 or 4 months. 17,2. C4rass 

 removed, other covering left. 1. Kept on except in case 



Question 8. Whether you shaved all round the tree or 

 left a strip; if so what proportion did you leave? 



Answer. 10,12, 21, 15,11, 10,8,1,4, 18,5. All round. 

 6, 17, 7, 9, 16. All round, now leaving strip. 14. Left 

 strip U to 2 inches. 3. Left alternate strips. 2. Left 

 j" strip': 20. Left 1" .strip. , . , , , „ 



Question 9. Has shaving in your opiuion checked tlie 

 growth of the tree or has it killed any ? 



Answer. 0, 17, 15. 9, 19. No in both cases. 20, 4, 16, 1, 

 10. Checks growth. Kills none. 14, 21, 18, 5. Checks 

 growth Kills some. 12, 3. Checks growth : kills sickly 

 trees. U. Checks after 5 years. No deaths. 7. Does 

 not check old trees 2. 2ud shaving checks growth. None 

 killed. 8. Deep shaving checks growth and kills inany. 



Question 10. Do you get an increase in weight of bark at 

 each shave otf the same piece of the tree as shaved as the 

 previous round ? If so how much? 



Anewer. 12, 2. No. 6. Ye.s, 20 at 25 per cent from healthy 

 trees. 10. Yes, 7 at 18 percent. 11. Yes, 12i at 30 per 

 cent. 7. Yes, 10 at 20 per cent. 9. Yes, 25 per cent. 3. 

 Officinalis Yes. Succirubra No. 19. Ye.s. 1. Yes, 20 per 

 cent. :;0. Yes, 25 per cent. 4. Yes, 20 at 50 per cent. IS 

 Yes, slight increase. 5. Succirubra no. Officinahs 25 per 



Question 11. If possible give analysis of bark of each shave 

 and the average quantity obtaiuedper tree of different ages, 

 stating the year and month when each was harvested ? 



Answer. 11. Officinalis 4 Jyears first renewal 5-35 per cent 

 sulphate of quinine. Succirubra 4| years second renewed 

 3-68 per cent sulphate of quinine. Shaved in ..January, S 

 mouths renewal. 7. Original .succirubra bark shaved in 

 November, February and Jlarch ga\e 2-07 per cent sulphate 

 of quinine. First reiiewaifiom same trees 405 per cent 

 sulphate of quinine. 18. First shaving off 1,742 trees 6 

 years old shaved in May lb81 gave 704 lb. dry bark, sulphate 

 <iuiniue 276 per cent, .-econd shaving oft 1,610 trees7 years 

 old shaved in May 18s2 gave iMCJ lb. dry bark, sulphate 

 quinine 442 per cent. Third shaving otf 1,600 treis 7^ 

 years old .shaved in February 1883 gave 5991 lb. dry bark, 

 sulphate quinine 3-09 per cent. 



Answer. 19. 1881, 1,700 lb. original shavings from suc- 

 cirubra trees rising 4 years ii'GS per ceut. 1882, 2,689 lb. 



renewed, 5 years 3-71 per cent. 1883, 5,591 lb. renewed' 

 first and second time 316 per cent. 1883, 2,399 lb. origina 

 shavings, 2'37 per cent. 1881, harvested in February, 

 1882 in April, 1883 March and April. In 1881, 7,361 trees 

 yielded 1,700 lb. dry shavings. 1882, 6,725 tiees yielded 

 2,589 lb. dry renewed shavings. 4. Officinalis natural 1-96 

 per cent. Second shaving (covered) 6-76 per ceut. 3'20 

 per cent. Uncovered 3rd shaving (covered) 7-05 per cent. 

 February and May. 



Question 12. What time of the year do you consider 

 the best for .shaving so as to cause the least shock to 

 the tree and what time of year do you get the best re- 

 sults by analysis? 



Answer. 6. February, March, April, August and October. 

 17, 12. February to April. 14. March and April. 15. 

 April and October. 11. I5th March to end April. 15th 

 September to October. 3. Light shaving weather. 2. 

 March. 19. March and April. 8. March, April, Sept- 

 ember and October. 1. April, May, September and Oct- 

 ober. 20. January to March. 18. May and June for 

 analysis. 4. March, April. September and October. 



Question 13. Whether you coudsider your trees renew 

 best if shaved in showery or suuny weather? 



Answers. 6, 11, 9, 3, 1, 2, 18, 4. Showery. 10, 12, 17, 19. 

 Sunny. 15. April weather. 14. Slightly showery. 7. Dry 

 months. 8. Cloudy. 1. Showery and cloudy. 



Question 14. Have your trees when covered rotted after 

 shaving, and how do you account for it, and how can it 

 be prevented? 



Answer. 6. Yes, trees being unhealthy. Stimulated 

 by cultivation. 17. Yes, from the rotting of covering. 

 14. Yes, from being covered with wet grass and shaving 

 too close in monsoon. 10. Yes, by too deep .shaving, (6) 

 Covering hghtly with mana in preference to patana. 12. 

 Yes, by all round shaving. Might be prevented by partial 

 shaving. 21. No. 15. No. (3) By covering in dry weather. 

 11. Yes. (2) Covering in wet weather. (3) Not 

 covering in weather. 7. Yes. 3. Yes, from 

 wet grass can be prevented by using waterproof 

 covering. 2. Yes, can be prevented by using jute cover- 

 ing. 19. No, rot, covered in dry weather. 8. Yes, can 

 be prevented by careful covering to prevent the bark 

 getting wet. 1. Yes, can be checked by juicovc-ring. 20. 

 Yes, from covering in wet weather. 4. Yes, f 1 om shaving 

 too deep and iu wet weather. Prevention uncover ! 18. 

 Yes, principally in exposed places. 5. Yes, from wet. 

 Prevention uncover ! 16. Yes, when covered v^-ith grass, 

 not so with paper. Succirubra more liable th.an officinahs. 

 Caused by rotting grass. Prevention removal. 



Question 15. And have they if uncovered ? 



Answer. 3, 7, 10, 12, 8, 6, 17, Is. Yes. 14, 21, 15, 9, 2, 1, 

 20.4. No. „ .^ 



Question 16. Have you found trees renew well it 

 shaved after 5J years old ? 



Answer. 6, 21, 19, 1, 8, 9,20, 4, 18. Yes. 10, 11,12, 

 14. No. 17, 15. Yes, not so well as younger trees. 2. 

 Yes, with hybrid aud officinalis ; doubtful with succirubra. 



Question 17, What is tho greatest number of times 

 you have found trees renew well after shaving ? 



Auiswer. 9, 6. Six times. 10, 11. Four times. 3, 14, 15, 

 20, 4, 18, 5. Three times. 2, 7. Twice. 1. Seven times. 

 19. Three and then coppiced. 



(Juestion 18. Have you tried stripping on the Mclvor 

 principle, and if so has it answered ? Please give the 

 method of successive harvestings. 



Answer. 6, 21, 11, 9, 1. Yes, unsuccessful. 17. Yes, 

 expense of covering prohibitory. 20. Yes, unsuccessful 

 after coppiced. 



Question 19. Have you found an interval of 4, 6. 8 or 

 12 months between shavings give the best analysia of bark, 

 and how have you found it increase when left each of 

 periods? 



Answer. 11. Three months ' old officinalis after b months 

 renewal gave no increase in alkaloid over original bark ; 

 4 years' old officinalis after 8 months gave 5-35 per cent 

 sulphate quinine : H years' old succirubra after 8 months 

 renewal gave 308 suTphate quinine. Eight months renewal 

 of succirubra lietween ages of 3 and 5 has given 30 to 33 

 per cent increase in yield. 2. Would not shave oftener 

 than every 10 months. 20. About 8 montlis gave tho 

 best looking bark. No analysis. 4. Officinalis 10 at 12 

 months. 19. Between 8 and 12 months is oujy what I 



