December i, 1883.] 



THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 



391 



Nos. 9 and 10 first appear in the returns for July 1869. 

 No. 10 was the tree observed by Mr. Broughton in 1863 

 to be so rich in quinine, and provisionally called by him* 

 " var. lauceolata," which name was in 1872 altered, in 

 accordance with AVeddell's nomenclature, to " var. an- 

 gustifolia." The last, No. 12, was added in January 1871. 



As a correct chronology is important it will be well 

 to give, for easy consultation, the sources and date of 

 reception of these various kinds which composed the 

 plantations of Jnly 1875. 



1. C. succirubra... Seeds, South America, 



Spruce ... ... ...February 1861. 



Do. ...Plants, „ Cross.. .April „ 



2. C. C'alisaya „ „ ... ,, ,, 



Do. ...Plants, .Tava (originally 

 collected in South America 

 by Hasskarl in 1854), T. 

 Anderson ... ...December „ 



Do. ...Seeds, South America, 



Markham ... ... „ 1865. 



Do. ...Seeds, Mi\ Money (? In- 

 cluding " C. Ledgeriana) ... „ „ 



Do. ...Plants, Kew Coriginally 

 from seeds collected in 

 South America by Weddell) 

 "Josephiana, glabra." ... ,, 1866. 



Do. Plant, J. E. Howardj " supe- 

 rior variety." ... ... „ 1867. 



3. 0. officinalis.. .Seeds, South America, 



Cross ... ... ...February 



and March 1862. 

 Do. ...Plant, J. B.Howard (from 



seed collected by Don Rio- 

 frio in South America). 

 " Uritusinga." ... ...April „ 



4. C. lancifolia ...Plants, Java (seeds origin- 



ally collected in South Am- 

 erica by Karsten) T. Ander- 

 son ... ... ...December 1861 



5. 0. nitida ...^ 



out name™ '' [speds, South America, 



7. micrantha Z jPntehett January „ 



8. C. perudaua... J 



9. C.Pahudiana... Plants, Java (originally 



collected in South America 

 by Hasskarl in 1854), T. 

 Anderson ... ...December „ 



10. Found among progeny of No. 3. 



11. 0. Pitayo. 

 [C. pitayensis.]... Seeds, South America, 



Cross ... ... ... 1869. 



13, ...Plants, brought from Eng- 

 land by Dr. Simpson ... „ 1870. 

 Probably seeds or plants of " C. Ledgeriana " from the 

 Government Plantation in .Tava were received in 1872 — 

 1675 or thereabout, but I find no record of their re- i 

 ception. Since the date of that report the principal new I 

 sorts that have been brought into the plantations are j 

 the New Grauadan (Columbian) Bark-trues. Mr. Cross 

 arrived at Ootacamund on 8th October 1880 with three ' 

 plants of " Santa Fe " (Soft Columbian) and si.K of f 

 " Carthegena " (Hard Columbian) which he had himself ( 

 collected in South America. Quite recently, in llaroh 

 1883, seed of varieties of " CaUsaya " stated to be the ' 

 " verde '' and " morada " of Bolivia have been purchased ( 

 from a London firm and numerous seedlings have been i 

 raised. 



5. The HyhriJf, " puhescens" and " mar/nifolm." — Jlr. 

 Mclvor died in June 1876, and up to the arrival of Mr. 

 Cross as above noted, the names in the list given above 

 were generally recognised and used. In addition, how- 

 ever to these, the two names at the head of this para- 

 graph were also commonly employed to designate 

 trees which it was beUeved resulted from tlie crossing of 

 " 0. ofBcinalis " and " C. succirubra." These were first 

 brought prominei}tly into notice by Mr. Broughton in 



~»Biue Book 111, page 237. "" 



j 1869 ;* Mr. Mclvor, in his report for 1869-70, also re- 

 I marks on the readiness with which hybridization occurs 

 i and states that some '* very interesting hybrid varieties" 

 j had been raised from seed. The name *'pubescens" dates 

 ! from 1872 when it was bestowed as a varietal (hybrid) 

 I name by Mr. Howardf on a plant, the bark of whicli 

 afforded him a very high percentage of alkaloids ; that 

 i of " magnifoha " seems to have arisen from a faulty 

 I identification of the leaves with the i^late of " C. magni- 

 I folia, " Pav. in Howard's " Illustrations "{ by Mr. Mclvor. 

 I The hybrid nature of these plants remained unquestioned, 

 and their rapid increase led Mr. Howard to write in 

 I 1876 :§ "it seems difticult now to obtain seed from Oota- 

 camund that is not hybridized." Dr. Bidie also in 1878 1| 

 I was nnich struck with the strong tendency of the species 

 ' to cross and says of the " hybrid called *0. pubescens' " 



j that "specimens submitted to Dr. King and myself 



show that it is a hybrid mth a strong strain of the 

 ' officinalis ' family, and apparently a cross between * C 

 ofiicinalis ' and ' 0. succirubra.' " 



Similar experience was recorded as early as 1870 from 

 Sikkim, Ceylon and .Java, and up to the end of 1880 

 there was a general consensus of opinion as to the probable 

 origin of the plants. 



G. M/\ C?'o.•i.^■'^• (tt/d Colonel Beddome's opinions, — In 

 January 1881, Mr. Cross sent in a report on the plant- 

 ations, which was printed in the following June. Early 

 in the same year, the plantations having been transferred 

 to the Forest Department, the Conservator, Colonel Bed- 

 dome, was directed to inspect and report upon them. 

 The valuable notes ke prepared in June, together with 

 further observations by himself and by Mr. Cross in 

 August, were printed in September, and as the botanical 

 points now i'l dispute have mainly arisen on the opin- 

 ions expressed in these documents, it is neces.sary to give 

 them particular attention. This is especially due te 

 Colonel Beddome, who has a well-merited reputation as a 

 skilful field botanist : as Mr. Cross was the original col- 

 lector of most of the kinds, and familiar with them in the 

 wild state in their native localities, he would also aeem to 

 have claims to a hearing. 



The principal point insisted on by tho latter in his re- 

 port refers to the hybrid form called " pubescens." This, 

 he says, is really a " narrow-leaved variety of red bark " 

 and was called " Pata de Gallinazo " by the bark-collectors 

 in South America. He could not see in it " a particle of 

 the .characteristics " of " C. ofiicinalis," and he observes 

 tha*t the trees may be found at Naduvatam " not un- 

 frequentiy among the first-planted trees there." He fm-- 

 ther informed Colonel Beddome that he himself sent 

 seeds of this " Pata de Gallinazo " to t!ie Nilgiris at the 

 same time as " succirubra," but not separate from that 

 species ; in a letter to Colonel Beddome, however, 

 dated 10th August 1881,11 he gives a very ilitforent ac- 

 count of the mode of its introduction, in which he states 

 that he obtained I'lmits in the bottom of a ravine on 

 Chimborazo to fill up one of the packages of " succirubra," 

 and tliat his companions, two lads, the sons of a bark- 

 collector, identified them at once as Pata de Gallinazo. He 

 also calls it "a new and undescribed species." 



AH this was absolutely new to everybody ; for not a 

 hint of anything of tho sort is to be met with in any of 

 the voluminous reports or papers referring to the collec- 

 tion of the Barit-trees for India. Colonrl Beddome, how- 

 ever, was quite convinced of the accuracy of Mr. Cross's 

 recollections, and supporteil his assertions. He, too, could 

 see in the plants none of the characteristics of a hybrid, 

 and considered that they had evidently been in the plant- 

 ations from their commencement. 



Cross afterward-* restricted his previous remarks to 

 " magnifolia " only, and said that " pubescens " was a 

 different species from " Pata de Gallinazo ;" after some 



♦ Blue Book III, 239 : V, 48, and Journ. Linn. Soc, 

 XI. 475. 

 j t -Tourn, Linn, Soc, XIV, 160. 



J Tab. 13. This represents a member of a different genus, 

 and is now ■' Cascarilla magnifolia, " AVedd. 

 1 g Quinol. lud. Plant., p. 84. 



t j{ Appendix to Rep. of Cinch. Committee, pp. 42-45. 

 [ ^ Enclosure in No. 422. 



