474 



THE TKOPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 



[jANUARy I, 1884, 



Calisai/a. 

 3,780 young plants 



set out May 13S2, 2,?80"j 



From 



Less about 900 failures leave. 



3,5"0 „ set out Jane 18S3 Y ^'^^ 

 1,200 probable failures 



leaves... 2,300j 



Shoots set out Aag. 1S83 

 Trees autl plants.. 



1,020 



Total,. .14,135 



Shoots... ...Total.. .15,820 



The products of the plantation all continue free from 

 disease and the climate is favourable to growth, especially 

 mild during -the rainy months. Thermometer d'i" to 72° 

 during the 24 hours, the extremes of heat and cold 

 during the day and night being at no time very great 

 as at Toungoo and the plains. 



The young plants of cinchona, especiallycalisaya, are 

 coming on well. 



A substantial %vooden dwelling-house and a tea-house 

 have been built now on the place. 



James Tetley. 

 Toungoo, 12th Sept. 18S3. 



WYNAAD PLANTERS' ASSOCIATION. 



Prom notes of a Committee Meeting held at the 

 Tookote Club, Vythery, on Wednesday, the 7th Novem- 

 ber,! 1SS3, we quote as follows : — 



Cnchoua.— Kead foUowiug letter from Captam Cos, 

 Chedin^ton Court, Crewkeme, Somerset. 



3rd October 18S3. The Secretary, Wynaad Planters 

 Association. . 



Dear Sir,— I have delayed answering your letter asking 

 mv opinion as to the relative merits ot the two modes 

 of' harvesting Chiiiohona bark, viz. (1) stripping (2) shav- 

 ino- in order that I might obtain information on the sub- 

 ject. The tests of the relative merits of the processes 

 are two viz : quantity, and quality. 



With regard to the foi-mer I am unable to pass an 

 opinion, the trees on my estate are of different ages, also 

 planted at different , distances, and in harvsting I have 

 only adopted the sharing process. 



Quality judged by Analysis :— Renewed bark on the 

 Neddiwattauni Government jilantatiou where stripping has 

 been regularly carried on, has given analysis as follows:— 

 Sulph. of Ciuchon- Chinchon- 

 Quinine. idiue. ine. 



1876 3-80 2-30 1-70 



1877 i'ol 1'4S 1'83 whether from Oota- 

 J8J8 camuud of Keddu- 

 J879 vattam I do not 



1880 



1881 know. 



1882 



1883 , , ^ ,, 



I have been unable to obtam separate analyses tor the 

 years but I am informed that the average was about 4 per 

 cent and is now decreasing. In 1879 a sample of bark 

 renewed by the stripping process at Charambady gave— 

 Sulph of Quinine Ciuchonidine Cinchonine 

 4-70 1-00 1-80 



Analyser's remark:— Exceptionally fine. But sample of 

 renewed bark tested. 



Of b.ark renewed by the shaving process mj analyses 

 have been as follows : — 

 ,S. of Ciu- Cin- 

 Quin- ebon- chon- 

 ine idine ne. 

 ISSl 4-00 1-20 1-80 Deeply shaved 1 year. 



1882 3-05 3-65 V9n Lightly chietiy 1 year. 



1883 8-30 2-36 2-00 Deeply shaved 2 years. 



I have communicated with Jlessrs. Leinain & Co. whose 

 letter to Messrs. Croysdale of Madras you sent me. They 

 have repeated their opinion on the subject but have not 

 siven the data on which they foimd their opinions. The 

 quinine manufacturers and brokers generally are rather 

 in favour of the stripping process for producing the richest 

 bark They inform me with regard to the shaving pro- 

 cess that "random ftnd ignorant " shaving is doing much 



mischief, that they have received bark very lightly shaved 

 in which the result seems to be tliat the woody fibre has 

 increased while the cellular tissue in which the alkaloids 

 are formed has proportionately decrcas^-d, they consider that 

 in the case of light shaving the Cambium is not reached, 

 and that a proper outpour of cellular tissue does not 

 take place. A satisfactory conclusion as to the relative 

 merits of the two plans can only be arrived at by a care- 

 ful series of trials. For these trials trees of the same 

 age, say 8 to 10 years old, should be taken, so many acres 

 being treated under each plan, and records carefully kejit 

 of 1 Number ot lb. of dry renewed bark; stripped, per 

 acre, per annum. 2 Analyses of ditto, to be made each 

 year. 3 No of lb. of dry renewed bark, shaved per acre, 

 per annum. 4 Analyses of ditto to be made each year. 



Bark should be " stripped " before the end ot the rainy 

 season and the denuded surface at once covered with some 

 substance which will protect it from the sun. 



I enclose a plan of a driving house which has been fur- 

 nished me by lilessrs. Gordon & Co., they inform me that 

 they have supplied the iron work tor one ot these houses 

 to Jlr. C. ITirwee, Secretary of the Wentworth Estates 

 Company, and that it was sent to Madras. It would be 

 of great benefit to all Cinchona growers if individuals 

 would make known to the Association the results of ex- 

 jieriments, also the analyses they have had madft of their 

 barks. Quinine barks are valued according to the percentage 

 of Quinine contained so that the cost of an analysis is 

 money well spent. — Tours faithfully, 



(Signed) W. T. H. Cox. 



Resolved that Captain Cox be thanked for the inform- 

 ation given which will be circulated to all members of the 

 Association. 



A SIMPLE ASD INEXPENSIVE TEA-KOLLER. 

 There are many small tea estates, or estates with 

 only a small portion of the bushes in full bearing, the 

 owners of which would be glad to obtain at a moderate 

 cost, a small roller to be worked by hand la- 

 bour. Such a machine Mr. Henry Kerr of Kimara 

 estate, Matalc, has invented and jiatented, and will 

 soon offer for sale. We were much struck with the 

 simplicity and effectiveness apparent in the model 

 showu to us by Mr. Kerr a few weeks ago, and 

 samples of tea rolled by the one machine which has 

 been comiiletcd seemed all that could be desired, and 

 were well-reported on by good judges. Today we 

 had the advantage of the opinion of a tea-planter, 

 so experienced as BIr. C. A. Hay, to whom Mr. Kerr 

 hewed his model and fully explained the details of 

 workiuf, including the utilization of coffee pulpers 

 if necessary. There were also specimens of tea rolled 

 by the machine, which Mr. Hay jironounced to be 

 very well made, with a good twist, due to the roller, 

 of the principles and action of which he spoke very 

 favourably. Mr. Kerr's great oliject is to meet the 

 demand for small and iuexpcusi\o rollers capable of 

 being worked by two coolies, but tw o connected, of the 

 small rollers can be worked by three coolies, and larger 

 sizes can be coustnicted for water power or sttam. 

 Mr. Kerr has shown us highly favourable opiuiona 

 expressed regarding his invention and of tlie cjuality of 

 the tea rolled liy the completed machine, by planters 

 exceedingly well Ciualified to judge, the gentleman 

 in whose tea-house the roller is placed stating that 

 it does its work well. One authority states :— "liie 

 two chief things in favour of your machine, ai-e : 

 first its low cost ; ard second, the small motive 

 power ic(iuired to work it." Another states :— " I 

 certainly consider tlie samples you sent very well 

 rolled and, if 3 coolies tan do 150 lb. per hour with this 

 machine, it will be very useful to proprietors of eetates 



