Vol. XIV. No. 335. 



THE AGRICULTURAL NEWS. 



51 



it is nut to be understood from the paper referred to that the 

 Doctor's opinions in regard to tli nufacture of direct 



consumption sugars have changed, but rather that he is 

 what seems to him a method for finding an outlet 

 for the greatly increased production of whichJCuba is capable, 

 and which will undoubtedly be a reality before many more 

 en ps have been ground. 



LIVE STOCK NOTES. 



INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS PAPERS ON 



ANIMAL FOODSTUFFS. 



The following abstracts, dealing with animal 

 feeding in the Tropics, are reproduced from the Pro- 

 ceedings of tin- Third International Congress of 

 Tropical Agriculture, l'>l). Abstracts of a consider- 

 able number of the other papers read on different 

 subjects have alread) appeared in the Agricultural 

 flews: — 



i wi.-\ vnn\ of Ensilage in Warm Climates (abridged 



title). By Professor Giglioli. 



The author draws attention to the special importance of 

 ensilage in warm climates. By this practice green crops and 

 herbage, and other green vegetable products can be gathered 

 during the rainy season and preserved as succulent forage for 

 the dry and hot months. Forage stored in silos is inevitably 

 liable to great and variable losses of dry substance, and these 

 losses in the nutritive value of the forage are naturally 

 i in warm climates. Hence the need in these, more 

 than in temperate climates, of artificially assisting the preser- 

 vation of ensilage, either by bacteriological or chemical means. 

 Several methods, already applied or produced, are passed in 

 review: steaming, inoculation with lactic ferments, addition 

 of molasses, treatment with carbon disulphide, or with 

 sulphur dioxide, treatment with mineral acid, especially with 

 hydrochloric acid. 



Preference is given to chemical methods rather than 

 to inoculations with lactic ferments. New suggestions are 

 made with regard to ensilage treated with molasses. 



The need of new experiments is urged in regard to 

 treatment with carbon disulphide, with carbon tetrachloride, 



with sulphur dioxide. 



A historical summary is given of the experiments on the 



oenl of ensilage with acid- or acid salts. Special 



tion is called to the need of new experiments in the 

 application of hydrochloric acid to ensilage. 



A bibliography is appended. 



of Manioi Flour rx thk Feeding of Milch Cows. 



By .1. I-:. I.i ■ is. 



Concentrated t Is have considerablj increased in price 



• nt years. It is therefore of interest to endeavour by 

 every means i" supply for animals a feeding stuff as nutri- 

 tious but much less costly, by utilizing every new product 

 which our Colonial crops arc able to furnish. 



The substitution of a mixture of manioc flour (60 per 

 md ground nut cake 10 per cent.) has rendered it 

 possible to replace an equal weight of maize gluten cake. 



The experiment, which has been made with two lots of 

 cows, one of which was kept as a check, has enabled the 

 tut ion i" be den onstrated. At tb 



of the experimenl a savi I t-25 per 

 materia] eu ployi I h i i '• ted. 



This would represent a saving of 

 for a herd of inn cows. 



100 kilogramm 



'• i franc- a yeai 



Thi Ho 



the authoi has 

 attempted to substitute fbi it a different feeding stuff. 



lie hasutilized for the purpose straw, pen mixed with 



molasses, and groundnut cake. He tl feeding 



stufl containing the same is hay, and has 



to maintain, in perfect condition for ten years, . 

 twenty five horses. 



The experiment, which was made on tesl groups, has 

 enabled it to be established that an addition to the ration oi 

 - 700 kilogrammes of ground nut cake is sufficient foi 

 horses of 700 kilogrammes. 



The author believes that good results are obtained bj 

 giving about I gramme of groundnut cake per kilogramme 



per d i\ . 



HOOKWORM, OR NODULAR DISEASE IN 

 SHEEP. 



This affection of the sheep's stomach and intestines was 

 discussed in the Agricultural Newi for Ma\ 1<>, 1913. In 

 view of cases having recently occurred in Trinidad, it may be 

 well to give a recapitulation of the causes, symptoms, and 

 preventive measures, especially since the disease in Dominica^ 

 in St. Lucia and St. Vincent, and in Trinidad, exhibits, in 

 some respects, rather different characteristics. 



The popular names, and the causative hookworms may 

 best be expressed in tabular form, as follows: 



The general appearance of an affected animal is character 

 iz.ed by pronounced anieniia and weakness. The abdomen is 

 pendulous. 



Prevention measures recommended are: 



(1) Drainage of pastures; application of salt and temper 



infestation; bettei 



lime 



(2) Drinking ponds protected from 

 still, substitution of troughs. 



(3) Provision of rock salt for animals iii lick. 



ill Destruction. of intestinal contents of slaughtered 



animals. 



i 5 i Provision of nutritious food. 



Owners of stoci will understand, that the eggs of the 

 (which is about .', inch in length) are expelled in the 

 fasces, and in the presence of moisture these eggs d 



mbryo, which are ingested intoA althy /keep along with 

 food and water The importance nt recommendations Nos. I 

 and - will therefor rent. 



