

THE AGRICULTURAL NEWS. 



Jim 5, 1915. 



CITRUS FRUITS. 



CITRUS FRUITS IN THE PHILIPPINES. 



\ . i. interesting article appears in the Philip- 

 pin ., ultural Review, Vol. VIII, No. 1. in which 

 are described the different kinds of citrus fruits cultivat- 

 ed .-mil a wild in ihr Philippines. None of the 

 species ai i indigenous, but several of them are believed 

 to hi o science, while others are so distinctive 

 stowarranl vider appreciationpf their chi 



In discussing the economic value of the new oi 

 little-known species, the following observations 

 made: 



Briefly stated, it may be said that the 'Tizon' is 

 a dessert oi breakfast fruit of high, if erhaps the 



highest, order, its main defect being the unsightly basal 

 on. Then, as stated elsewhere, the best 'limon real' 

 i- unsurpassed in quality for 'ade' making. Perhaps 

 third in importance are the better types of the alsem 



the manufacture oi citric acid, etc., and it might find 

 a sale in competition with the lemon and lime, 

 depending to a great extent upon it< keeping qualities. 

 The juicy, thin-skinned, and few-seeded talamisan may 

 find lovers as a breakfast fruit, and is also of the right 

 si/.' for an ade fruit. If cultivation would increase the 

 juiciness of the panuban, this fruit may find favour with man] 

 A good marmalade may be made of the calamondin. The 

 above species or varieties have more <>r less of a future on 

 account of their pomological merits, and the plant breeder, 

 by crossing them and tin cabuyao and canci with old 

 cultivated species, might obtain valuable results. 



There is also the prospective value of the new species 



- stocks. To determine the cogeniality of these and 



the old cultivated citrus fruits and their value as stocks 



under various soil conditions would of course require the 



labour and close observation of many years. 



The calamondin is quite drought-resistant and would 

 probably dwarf the scion. One-year-old buds of the pomelo, 

 lime, madavin and orange at Lamao have made satisfactory 

 growth, the buds taking without difficulty. The cabuyao is 

 a very vigorous tree and is also drought resistant. It has 

 recently been budded with the cultivation citrus fruits, the 

 buds 'taking' very well. The orange has been budded on 

 the alsem, resulting in a good growth, being now (December 

 1914) nine months old. During the trip to Bohol in May, 

 thelimao, growing in a coraline limestone formation overlaid 

 with a little hutnus, the exact counterpart of the Baha 

 Islands or the 'hammock lands' in south east Florida, 

 impressed the writer as one of the best examples of drought 

 resist, m- i b citrus fruit- under such conditions. The 



talamisan also appeared quite drought resistant, and is 



further! e oi ralue a- a live fence because oi its large 



spim 



The 'limon real' is oi great vigour ami hence maj be 

 a desirable stork for certain varieties and under cei 

 conditions 



-i extendii c la' area undi i ora ngi - ami lemons in 

 a suitable district oi the State, In regard I i the soil, the bud- 

 ding, planting, manuring, the different varieties are described 

 and illustrated with a series of excellenl photographs. That 

 part oi the bulletin dealing with lemon cultivation is especial- 

 ly interesting, particularly the section describing the mi 

 of handling lemon- in Italy. The methods used in the 

 gardens and packing houses are described, a- well as the curing 

 and tin- treatment ol summer nop lemons. The bulletin 

 concludes with notes oii the manufacture of candied peel, and 

 the different insect pests associated with oranges and i 



CITRUS CULTURE IN NEW SOUTH 



WALES. 



A remarkablj a eful bulletin (No. 90) been issued 



by the Department oi Agriculture oi New S uth Wales with 



THE LIME AND THE LEMON COMPARED. 



The following are the conclusions appended to an 

 article by Mr. W. 1!. Dunlop "it the lime and the 

 lemon as sources of citric acid and essential oils, in 

 tin Bulletin oi 'I" Imperial Institute, Vol. XIII. 

 Xo. I (January-March 1915 i: 



(1) Thr output of lime products in the tropics, although 

 comparatively -mall, i- rapidly increasing. The S 



production of lemons is, on the other hand, stationary, but 



according to thr demand of the world's market, this country 

 ran increase her output of citrate at the expense of fresh 

 lemons, and vice versa. Lime growers can to a certain 

 extenl do thr same, but are lr-s able to exert influence in 

 this respect. 



(2) An examination of figures relating to the composi 

 tion of thr lemon ami lime show- that the lime is richer in 

 juice and citric arid than thr lemon. But the lemon - 

 ally contains more essential oil. 



(3) \s regards i ultivation the two nop- differ in many 

 respects. Lemon cultivation seems the more expensive 

 owing to the necessity for irrigation, frost protection, and 



handling, but lei products ran be placed on the European 



markel at less expense than lime products. 



(4) For purposes of comparison the lemon may be 

 regarded as yielding o-'il lb. of citric arid per acre - 



III I lb. in the case of limes. Thr figures for essentia] oils 

 S8 tt». and 65 Hi., respectively. 



(5) In view of the probable increase in the Sicilian 

 output of citrate, lime growers' might with advantage increase 



their shipments of concentrated juice of uniform density 



(about 100 oz. of citric acid pei gallon). Only raw lime 

 juice of the best quality should be shipped. Since Hi 

 are used for different purposes from lemon oils, they i 

 l.e said to come into direct competition unless the qualities 



of one are SO inferior as to permit of the Substitution oi 'lie 

 by the other. Oils take longer to sell than other citrus 

 products. Lime oils are, on thr whole, more variable than 

 lemon oils. 



(6) It is not possible OU the basis of available infor- 

 mation to i ipare the profits from lemon and lime cultivation 1 . 



With g 1 prices it i- probable that it i- greater in the rase 



of limes. 



(Ti As regards marketing, the existence of the Sicilian 

 Camera means lack of that competition amongst buyers which 

 is enjoyed by the lime-growing industry. At the same time 

 the Camera ensures a minimum price for lemon growers. 



- The testing of samples is not as satisfactory as it 

 might be. This is said to be largely the result of variation 

 in the composition of juices in individual shipments. 



'.i i A profitable trade in orange oils might be more 



Hy i iaMi-hr.1 in the West tndi 



