ARCT0W8KI, CHANGES IN DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE 65 



Table III. — Extreme values of consecutive means 



Highest Lowest Difference 



Geneva 10.3 8.4 1.9 



Aachen 9.7 8.2 1.5 



Vestervig 8.3 6.1 2.2 



Bodo 5.2 2.9 2.3 



Sydvaranger +0.8 —3.5 4.3 



Haparanda +2.1 —2.3 4.4 



Bucharest 11.0 9.0 2.6 



Odessa 11.9 8.4 3.5 



Warsaw 9.3 6.4 2.9 



Kazan 0.0 1.4 4.6 



Passing now to the description of the maps, we will immediately 

 realize the usefulness of the curves of consecutive means, because these 

 curves eliminate the possibility of hazardous speculations about the dis- 

 placement of the pleions from one year to another. Instead of such 

 superficial considerations, we will find the way to study systematically 

 the progressive transformation of the maps, a task which I cannot under- 

 take at present not having the monthly means for all, or at least a large 

 number of stations. 



The map giving the distribution of the departures for 1900 (Fig. 12) 

 is practically identical with the map of the same year I have traced, 

 utilizing the departures from the means of 1891-1900.^^ This demon- 

 strates very clearly the fact that annual departures from ten yearly 

 means serve perfectly to indicate the position and shape of pleions and 

 antipleions. 



On the present map the quasinormal line crosses Denmark, Soutliern 

 Sweden, Curland, and forms a cun-e across Eussia toward the Azof Sea. 

 Xorth and east of this line the departures are negative, south of it they 

 are positive. The antipleion forms an immense wave with two centers 

 of lowest values, one in Scandinavia, the other in Eastern Eussia. In 

 Sweden the greatest negative departure occurs at Quickjock and is 

 — 2.0 C. The Eussian data do not permit of locating the eastern center 

 of the antipleion exactly. In Kazan the departure is — 1.0. The 

 highest values of the pleion are + 1.5, in Hungary. The pleion is 

 broken up in central Europe by an area of low values. In southern 

 (lermany and Bohemia, the departures are below -f- 0.5 and decrease 

 to 0. along a line extending from the Belgian frontier into Bavaria. 



The map of 1901 (Fig. 13) shows a radical change in the distribu- 

 tion of temperature. Where we had a negative wave we now have a 

 positive wave. The pleionian departures are + 1-2 in Swedish Lapland 

 and -|- 1.3 in southern Eussia. The quasinormal line goes from Gre<at 

 Britain across Germany and Austria towards Eumania. The lowest 

 departures of the antipleion are — 0.7 in Erfurt and — 0.8 in Gottschee, 

 in Krain. 



17 



Op. cit., p. 121. 



