374 ANNALt:! \H\V YORK AVADiniY OF Sf'l ILXCES 



The individual differences shown by the subjects are rather interesting. 

 The ratio of the greatest number oT repetitions to the least number in- 

 creases as we pass from the pictures to the forms, words and finally to the 

 syllables for recognition and for recall with the exception of sylla1)les. 



From the experiment it may be concluded that the difference between 

 recall and recognition varies with tbe material to be remembered. The 

 greater the wealth of association offered by the material the greater the 

 difference between recall and recognition. It is suggestive, at least, that 

 individual differences, especially in recognition, are least when the ma- 

 terial is rich with associations and increase as the material has fewer 

 associations. 



One of the practical applications is in the selection of trade-marks. 

 To be successful a trade-mark should be easily recalled and recognized. 

 Arbitrary combinations of letters, like the nonsense syllable, must be pre- 

 sented many more times than pictures or forms, and yet we find the busi- 

 ness firms are continually using nonsense material as trade-marks. 



^liss Ross said : Judging in general is a thing about which we all 

 speak with much assurance. In fact, we hardly ever pick up a paper 

 without seeing an advertisement for a person of "good judgment." How- 

 ever, if we should turn to psychology to see what the psychologists have 

 said about a general capacity of judgment we should find practically 

 nothing. James is the only one who has much to say on the subject and 

 his words are little more than a suggestion for further investigation. It 

 was to determine if there is any general judicial capacity and to find if 

 there is any correlation between different kinds of judgments that this 

 experiment was performed. 



The material was of six kinds, involving judgments of art, rhythm., 

 tact, punishments, expenditure of salary and an ethical judgment. The 

 results proved that we had a social group of subjects, as the highest ratio 

 was 65 per cent., and the lowest 32 per cent., carrying out the two-to-one 

 ratio which usually characterizes a social group. 



The individual percentages were obtained by having the subjects ar- 

 range the material by the order of merit method. Then we obtained the 

 average order of tiie group and used tliis as a standard. "We correlated 

 the arrangement of each individual with the standard arrangement, and 

 the resulting per cent, shows the degree to which tlie individual is corre- 

 lated with the group. 



When we had secured these results, we correlated the results of the 

 different groups and found that there is no relation between them. The 

 average of the correlation is — .09. That is, if a person, for instance, is 

 a good judge of rhythm, we might expect him to be an equally good 



