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ANNALS NI^W YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



blood, which at once • accelerates heart action and cireidation oi" blood, 

 changes the chemical nature of the blood and size of blood vessels, sets 

 free in more than usual amount "blood sugai-" from the liver, which with 

 the increased supply of oxygen through quickened respiration provides 

 with necessary energy whatever parts of the organism are concerned in 

 the work to be done. These emotions also'b]^ influence upon other glands 

 and organs suppress temjporarily alimentary and other processes not 

 serviceable in the given crisis of behavior. The sense organs may bo 

 made hypersensitive or partly suppressed. Mobilization and utilization 

 of energy is the essential business of certain emotions. Other processes 

 are held in abeyance, 'i'lic organism is delicately and accurately adapt- 

 able to situations that affect it. The emotions are instrumental in facil- 

 itating adaptation, in setting free extra energy, and in "moving" the 

 whole organism to the efficient achievement of the work that must be 

 done. 



4). With the development of an individual emotional reactions tend 

 to lose their "bigness" and intensity in some measure and in combination 

 with other factors to be sublimated into attitudes and sentiments of de- 

 pendable character and utility in behavior. Emotional as well as other 

 aspects of experience are susceptible of organization into psychic controls. 

 Such controls are modesty, sympathy, love, loyalty, patriotism, and other 

 familiar sentiments. With this feature of emotion education is espe- 

 cially concerned, 



Mr. Myers's report was based on a rather extensive observation of a 

 baby's emotional expression by the arms and legs, during his first year. 

 If the behavior of the child studied is typical, it seems that pleasurable 

 movements are at first random, due perhaps to lack of coordination of 

 the moving members. Soon these movements became alternate. In this 

 case, the one member of the pair being stiiMiilnt»'(| to response, conse- 

 quently suffers fatigue, and the other member, due gradually to coor- 

 dinating motor pathwa3^s, takes up the movements, wliieli in turn shifts 

 to the first again, etc., until both ai-e accumulatively fatigued, or llie 

 stimulus is too weak to elicit a response, or both. Then, with develop- 

 ment, each member of the moving pair becomes less susceptible to fatigue, 

 and. in accordance with the law of habit, tends to repeat its own move- 

 ment, resulting in rhythmical, successive movements by the same limb. 

 Later the coordination, in greater perfection, provides unified expressions 

 bv the pairs of the limbs. Finally, single mi)vetu(Mits of either member of 

 the pair mav be set up in response to a strong feeling, or the unified 

 movements mav be more speedy and graceful. Therefore, the character 



