RECORDS OF mi:i:ti\(j,s 393 



and speed of motor emotional reactions by the limbs> are determined by 

 the degree of coordination of the members of the moving pairs. 



Motor-emotional expressions are apparently the most prftnitive as well 

 as the most fundamental. These movements seem to serve as drill ex- 

 ercises to discipline the limbs into definite forms of motor reactions, out 

 of which grow the useful and voluntary acts of the individual. 



Aside from the movements of the first few weeks, emotional expres- 

 sions by the limbs tended to occur in successive series, with tiie number 

 of niu\ements per series varying from J to is aiid with a central tendency 

 of from 3 to 5 per series. Between the series the interval of time was 

 but a little less than the total time for the series. The rate of movement 

 increased with the increase of motor coordination. 



These (rhythmical) movements began on the left side, then were trans- 

 ferred to the right. For example, the left hand began a regular drmn- 

 ming movement on the 133rd day: the right hand began the same type 

 of movement on the lllst day. The left leg, 139th day ; right leg, 143rd 

 day. Unified movements by the legs began on the 148th day, and were 

 well developed by the 189th day. Unified movements by the arms began 

 the 177th day and were well developed by the 247th day. 



However, the transition from one type of movement to another was 

 gradual; and, while new movements for emotional expression became 

 more numerous as time went on, the old movements were occasionally 

 revived and seem never to have wholly died out. 



Pleasure tends to induce and accelerate activity and displeasure to 

 inhibit and retard activity. 



Pleasurable motor expressions tended to reach their maxiniuni and 

 to cease, at an appreciable interval before the real pleasurable experience 

 which was in anticipation, i. e., anticipation at its climax seemed to give 

 greater pleasure than the real experience of the thing anticipated. 



Unified hand movements, which, by the last few months of the year 

 tended to be toward each other, ceased at the end of the series, with the 

 hands coming together, palm to palm. As the speed and force of these 

 movements of pleasure increased, they finally came together with a clap, 

 and gradually, instead of the introductory unified movements there de- 

 veloped the regular clapping of the hands as expression of a high degree 

 of pleasure. Therefore, one of the most primitive expressions of pleas- 

 ure is applause. 



Dr. Holling'worth called attention to various cases in tlie literature 

 of psychology, sociology and anthropology' (Clarke, Titchener. Brentano, 

 Stout"), in which the existence of morphological intermediaries between 

 two types or processes is taken to indicate their identity of quality or 



