410 Agricultural Gazette of N.S. TV. [JA/// 2, 1908. 



culturo-ch;iiiil)pr eoiulitinns of tlic tVuit-store once more roused it to activity. 

 Sucli a clicck would lic giMMi by a di'V summer and autumn. 



Ill maii\' cases the mvc(dium had e.xlemled Im- half an inch in e\('ry 

 direction from the oiiginal centre of int'eet imi, and had tinned (piite hiack. 

 It ahviivs consisted of the u-^nal pavement of fattened cells, extending under 

 the skin in dentritie ramilleat ions, with here and there protrndim; tufts of 

 COnidiophores, beai'ilii;- tlui chafHcteiislic spores. 'i'liese spores in nearly e\ery 

 case had germinated in falling from the conidiophoi'es, and had put out long 

 germ-tubes, which interlaced with others. 'Ilify were all incapal)le of further 

 deveh)pment under anv eonditions they would be likely to meet with in an 

 orchard. Sections across the patches of funuus showed that, in many instance's, 

 there had been a departure I'lom the noinial habit, and the mycelium, instead 

 cf growing under the skin, had spiead e ipiously o\cr the surface, (>ven ])ro- 

 <hiciiig spores in that situation. In none of the spots exaniim d, which 

 numbei'ed several hundred, was anything found to show that the (hsease had 

 originated since the ap]>le was picked. What was abundantly demonstrated, 

 liowever, was, tliat under certain conditions, a microscopic spot miiiht enlarge 

 itself to an incli in diameter in case or store, and thus lead to the assumption 

 that it had dexcloped on an apple that was clean when gathered. 



There does not appear to be any direct danger of infection from tlie spores 

 produced in cases. In fact the writer's investigations have led him to the 

 conclusion that F. (li-ntrU'n-ii m is essentially a leaf disease, and that its 

 presence on the a])ple is simply an accident, and in no way necessary to the 

 perpetuation of the fungus. It is sciy doubtful if the ajiple is capal)le of 

 receiving infection, except during its eai'ly stage », and it is still more doubtful 

 if the Fusicladium spore is capable of infecting it at all. It is the spore of 

 tlie winter form, Ventiiria iiupfpialis, which develops in the dead leaves after 

 they ha\(' fallen, that appeal's to initiate the disease each s]iring, and tin I'e is 

 a good deal to show that it is onlv by means of the Ventui'ia spore that the 

 Fusicladium form is comeyed to the ap])le fnut. 



It is undoubtedly the case that Black-spot will increase and spread on cased 

 fruit, by the enlargement or i-eci'udesceuce of already existing spots, liut 

 nothing was fcmnd tt) show that the disease was able to develop ab iuU'w 

 under sue'i eircuinst-inces. 



J. (,'lieal, the JMiglisb aulho it\' on fi'uit-growing, in his wm-k on " Fruit 

 Culture," describes the disease under the name of (JJddo^jiDriiun dendriticiiui. 

 and states: "The fungus continues to spread after the ero]) has heen stored 

 in the fruit-room, and greatly depreciates the market value of such [iroduce. ' 



