618 A(jricuUural Gazette oj N.SJF. {Auy. 3, 1908. 



prove equul to any possible draught u[)oii it Ijy artesian wells lies in the 

 unvarying pressure indicated by the very sensitive gauge of the electrical 

 apparatus operated by th(> li.'-incli well. suiTouiidcd as it is by wells on all 

 sides being used in constantly varying (juantities. 



" Again, the increase in the diameter of the wells has been attended bv 

 more than a proportionate flow. 



" While the dynamo was being o])erated l)y tlu; lli-inch well a li-inch well 

 in its vicinity was turned on and off suddeidy to test the steadiness of the 

 force, but the closest observation did not detect the slightest trembling 

 of the gauge." 



Ml'. (Jibbons Cox, C.K.. has dealt with this question i)i his ijook on 

 "Irrigation and Land Drainage." He says: "The value of artesian water 

 for irrigation purposes does not by any means exhaust the benefits derivable 

 from the bores. Over the artesian areas of New South Wales and Queensland 

 alone, amounting to 528,000 square miles, it is admissible to predict a great 

 increase in the number of bores and a much larger outflow of water. As 

 the natural rainfall is thus augmented by an increased water supply, settle- 

 ment will proportionately increase, and with it a greater demand for lalxiur- 

 saving appliances to meet the various requirements of station and farm. 

 In New South Wales and Queensland, for instance, there are 897 artesian 

 bores running night and day, and, according to careful scientific calcula- 

 tions of the capacity of absorption of the average rainfall by the water- 

 bearing rocks, they may be increased, as heretofore shown, forty-fold. The 

 bores are all running under well-known laws that govern the movement and 

 pressure of water. That pressure may be utilised in the simplest, most 

 economical, and effective manner for work now done by th(> more costly 

 and ciimbersome modes of steam and horse power. 



" These bore pressures are exceptionally great, and are equivalent to those 

 very high heads of falling water — a source of pressure, as applied to turbines 

 or water-motors, much in request of late in Europe and America for working 

 ordinary machinery, and for the generation of electricity for lighting, for 

 locomotive, and for manufacturing purposes. 



" The use of water for the purposes of power dates back to the early 

 centuries, and, even with the crude and primitive means then available, was 

 made to subserve many useful purposes. It is, however, only within a 

 comparatively short time that it has come to be recognised as tlie most 

 practicable and potent of all the elemental forces, destined, in the near 

 future, to do a large part in the world's work. The practice, which has so 

 long prevailed, of appropriating only the larger streams, with low heads, 

 allowing the higher lands to go to waste, is attended with so many dillieulties 

 and such expense, as to make a power so obtained often of questionable 

 expediency. The old style of huge water-wheels has had its day. The 

 modern turbine offers so many advantages for the general utilisation of all 

 these sources of energy, that streams or waterways favourably situated for 

 power purposes are now being eagerly sought for and approjjriated. By its 



