APPENDIX. 



Superior, the uppt'i- surface : ajiplied to 

 the ring when near llir aju'X of tlie 

 stem. 



'I'etraspore, tetra Gr. four ; spois. 



Tlitrn, cell-mother, the ])rotoplasm of 

 which originates by segnieiitatioii : a 

 certain number of spores, usually eight, 

 held in suspension in the proto[)lasm 

 of the theca without being attached to 

 each other or to the cell walls. 



I'heraspore, the spore; thus eucased. 



Tometitosc, downy, with sliort hairs. 



Torsive, spirally twisted. 



Turnlose, a cylindrical body swollen and 

 restricted alternately. 



Toxic, poisonous. 



Trama, the substance proceeding from 

 the hymenophore, intermediate be- 

 tween the plates (central in) of the 

 gills of agarics. 



Transve7-se, crosswise. 



Trevielloid, jelly-like. 



Truncate, ending abruptly, as if cut short ; 

 cut squarelj' off. 



Tuh(pform, trumpet-shaped. 



Tubei'ck, a small wart-like excrescence. 



Tubular, hollow and cylindrical. 



Turbinate, top-shaped. 



Typical, agreeing closely with the char- 

 acters assigned to a group or species. 



Umbilicate. having a central depression. 



Umbo, the boss of a shield ; apjilied to the 

 central elevation of the cap of some 

 mushrooms. 



Umbonate, having a central boss-like ele- 

 vation. 



ihieinate, hooked. 



Unequal, short imperfect gills inter- 

 spersed among the others. 



Universal, used in relation to the veil or 



volva wliicli entirely euveloi)S the 

 mushroom when young. 



I'arieti/, an individual of a species differ- 

 ing from the rest iu external form, size, 

 color, and other secondary features, 

 without perpetuating these differences 

 only under exceptional circumstances. 



Veil, in mushrooms a partial covering of 

 the stem or margin of the pileus. 



Veliform, a thin veil-like covering. 



Venate, Veined, intersected by swollen 

 wrinkles Ijelow and on the sides. 



Ventricose, swollen in the middle. 



Vernieose, shining as if varnished. 



Verrxiae, warts or glandular elevations. 



Verrucose, covered with warts. 



Villose, villous, covered with long, weak 

 hairs. 



Virescent, greenish. 



Virgate, streaked. 



Viscid, covered with a shiny liquid which 

 adheres to the fingers when touched. 



Viscous, gluey. 



Vohi.te, rolled up in any direction. 



Volva, a substance covering the mush- 

 room, sometimes membranous, some- 

 times gelatinous ; the universal veil. 



Walnut hroiDn, a deep brown like that of 

 some varieties of wood. (Raw umber, 

 and Ijurnt sienna and white. ) 



M'art, an excrescence found on the cap of 

 some mushrooms ; the remains of the 

 volva in form of irregular or polj'gonal 

 excrescences, more or less adherent, 

 numerous, and persistent. 



Zone, a broad band encircling a mush- 

 room. 



Zoned, furnished with one or more con- 

 centric circles. 



Although some writers apply the terms spore, sporidia, sporophore, sporules, and 

 conidia somewhat indiscriminately to all spore bodies, in order to avoid confusion, it 

 is now recommended l)y the best authorities that certain distinctive limitations should 

 be adhered to in the use of these terms. Saccardo, in defining the terms which he 

 employs, accepts the term spores as applicable exclusively to the naked spores sup- 

 ported on basidia, as found in the Basidiomyceteai. The term sporidia he limits to 

 spores produced or enclosed in an ascus, as in the Ascomycetea?. The term sporules 

 he ajiplies to the spores of imperfect fungi, where they are enclosed in perethecia 

 (microscopic cups or cells), such as the Spharopsidea. The term conidia he uses to 

 designate the spores of imperfect fungi without perethecia or asci, such as the Tlypho- 

 mecetea and the Melanconiea'. This arrangement is in accordance with M. C. Cooke's 

 published views on the subject, except in the case of the spt)re bodies of the Melau- 

 coniea% which he |)refers, for well-defined reasons, to call spoi'ules. 



In accordance with these limitations, the terms spermatia, stylospores, and clino- 

 sjwres are merged iu sporule. 



Other terms appropriate to their development are employed to designate the spores 

 of Ure<lineie, Phycomyceteie, etc. 



I 



