140 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



half days, and frozen in the woods, showed considerable hemorrhage in 

 the small intestines with clots of blood mixed with the scanty ingesta. 

 There also appeared a few hemorrhages in the muscles of the shoulder 

 and hip regions. 



In cows that died, the usual course of the disease was four to six 

 days, moderate sustained febrile temperature not responding to treat- 

 ment, dullness, no appetite, no thirst, diarrhea (usually), lachrymation, 

 muco-purulent discharge slight from eye and nose, (not present in all), 

 seldom any signs of pain. 



Post mortem revealed about the same on all. Man had been on farm 

 seven years, and never lost any before. Had not bought any recently, 

 except a cow from a neighbor and that not until after the disease 

 appeared. 



Smears of blood show nothing abnormal. 



Smears from clean, small intestinal mucosa, stained with Wright's 

 Stain, show large number of rod-like bacteria, rounded ends, varying 

 from oval to long, rods five to six occurring in chains of two to six, 

 usually. If stained with carbol-fuchsiu, they appear surrounded by a 

 capsule and clear area. 



Many eosinophile and few mast cells present in smears stained with 

 Wright's Stain. 



Cultures on agar slant show pure culture of feebly or non-motile rod 

 about size of colon germ. 



A letter from Dr. Slaght, ]\rarch 15, 1909, stated that the bull and 

 sick calf died, with no other cases up to date. 



INFECTIOUS ANAEMIA OR SWAMP FEVER. 



On Jan. 27, 1909, I was at Sault Ste. Marie, investigating an out- 

 break of hog cholera. Dr. Marshall had requested me to attempt to 

 find out the nature of a disease among horses that had been reported as 

 existing in the Northern Peninsula for several years. 



Fortunately, Dr. J. F. Deadman was able to show me a case in his 

 own hospital. This case was a mature, bay gelding. Had been under 

 treatment for several weeks. The horse had first shown signs of great 

 weakness, tiring very readily when put to work ; became thinner daily, 

 while appetite remained very keen; bowels remained free; urination 

 excessive; temperature rose to 105°, but was brought to normal when- 

 ever it rose by large doses of acetanilid ; there was cardiac hypertrophy ; 

 jugular pulse; slight oedema about the eyes and on ventral portion of 

 body ; the visible mucous membranes were very anaemic ; 'the patient 

 walked with a very uncertain gait, crossing the hind legs at each step; 

 and emaciation was' extreme at time of my visit. 



Dr. Deadman had *made no diagnosis, but considered the disease a 

 severe anaemia and from the nature of the many cases that had come 

 under his observation he was inclined to believe that the disease was 

 infectious. He has reports of the disease having existed in the vicinity 

 for over ten years. There is nothing to indicate its origin and from 

 the brief accounts that I have of the trouble it is impossible to condemn 

 any particular type of soil or any environmental condition as the cause 

 of this disease peculiar to the horse. We have no reports of this disease 

 from the Lower Peninsula. The close comparison between Dr. Dead- 



