THE CARE AXD MANAGEMENT OF THE DAIRY HERD. 45 



turning the head and the ease and convenience of feeding was 

 not interfered with. The swinging stanchion, and the Xewton 

 cattle tie are both good. It is not for me to say which is the best. 

 The essential thing is to avoid very much forward and backward 

 movement, thus preventing the cow from lying in her own drop- 

 pings. 



The side walls of the stable should be such as to exclude the 

 cold without preventing the introduction of abundant sunshine.. 

 Sunshine is nature's great disinfectant. It is the germ destroyer. 

 Where, at one station an examination was made of the sputum, 

 the spittle, of a consumptive patient, where for many times half 

 was dried in the sunshine and the other half in the shade, it was 

 found that the sun had killed the germs drying in the sunlight 

 while the germs drying in the middle of the room out of the 

 sunshine would give the disease to the guinea pigs under whose 

 skin they were inoculated. In another case where a whole fam- 

 ily had been killed by this white plague it was found that sun- 

 light never entered the living room and the rug was a mass of 

 tubercle bacilli. The worst of it is that when these germs dry 

 they do not necessarily lose their vitality. If they dry in the 

 shade they are quite apt to be borne in the air upon particles of 

 dust and conveyed to the nostrils of human beings. I assume 

 that it is undoubtedly a fact that nearly all of us have been con- 

 sumptive at one period of our lives or another. Those of us who 

 are strong, mature and healthy have in our blood little white 

 corpuscles which seize upon these disease germs as soon as they 

 cross the membrane into the body proper. They seize upon 

 them, surround them and kill them. Sooner or later for most 

 of us these white corpuscles will become too few or too exhaust- 

 ed, some disease, most likely consumption, possibly diphtheria, 

 possibly typhoid fever, will gain entrance to our bodies, will de- 

 velop there with startling rapidity and will cause the separation 

 of the soul and body. In my opinion consumption gains access to 

 the human body more often through the nose and iungs than 

 through the mouth and stomach. It is not the milk of the cow 

 which conveys the germ, in most cases, to the city infant. Usu- 

 ally these little children creeping about upon the floor of sunless 

 houses breathe in the dust from the rug or the carpet, that dust 

 being made up partly of the dried material from the lungs of 



