DAIRY MEETING. 83 



much milk. They are not thrifty. These cases are not difficult 

 to detect. We can pick them out quite easily. Then, again, 

 another physical symptom of tuberculosis is failure to breed. 

 Cows that have been bred regularly are difficult to get with 

 calf. This may be due to tuberculosis. We always think of that 

 as a cause for this condition. Cows that are affected near the 

 surface of the body will show some condition that we can detect. 

 like enlarged lymphatics just underneath the jaw, beside the 

 neck. These glands are very frequently infected. We can feel 

 those glands in every healthy animal. They are nodular in 

 shape and somewhat soft, two glands of about uniform size. If 

 these glands are diseased one of them, without doubt, will be 

 considerably larger than the other, and it will be hard, or the cow 

 will flinch somewhat when it is touched. The animal will 

 frequently help us to arrive at the conclusion that the same is 

 diseased. 



Then, again, if the animal is infected in the udder and the 

 disease has made, some progress there, we find a hard swelling 

 in one quarter of the udder. Of course our dairy animals, with 

 very highly organized dairy organs, are somewhat liable to 

 disease of the udder, inflammation of the udder, that has no rela- 

 tion to tuberculosis. We get a caked udder, etc. But provided 

 the cow is apparently giving normal milk, and there is no evident 

 cause for the hard lumps in the udder, and the lumps are not 

 particularly sore but simply nodular in appearance, confined to 

 one quarter, it suggests to us the possibility of tuberculosis. But 

 it is very easy to get mistaken on these cases. 



These physical symptoms enable us sometimes to determine 

 what are the diseased animals in a herd. Again, a very impor- 

 tant point to consider in determining whether a herd is diseased 

 or not is by the appearance of the animals that are sold out of 

 the herd to go to the butcher. The life of our dairy animals 

 is limited. Every year many of them have to go to the butcher. 

 Sometimes some of them die before they get to the butcher. In 

 all these cases a man who is watching carefully the condition 

 of his herd ought to know how the animals look on the inside, 

 after they are dead. An examination of these animals that 

 go to the butcher or die from other causes will often help one 

 to coire to a conclusion in regard to the animals that are living. 



