64 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



knocked a dollar a barrel out of every one of them. But if we 

 had spent three dollars in time and material spraying those trees 

 twice, it would have saved them — I am sure of it — because I 

 know what it will do. That means spraying up to the time of 

 picking on the Greening. 



Question: May I ask the name of the fungus? 



Prof. GuLLEY : It is known as sooty fungus, or sooty blotch. 

 {Phyllachora pcmigcna.) 



Question : Looks like smoke on a chimney ? 



Prof. Gulley: Simply begins as a little spot and then 

 increases. You will see none of it until after the first of August 

 in our state. Probably you wouldn't have it any earlier. It is 

 no use to spray for it before then, and yet it is one of the easiest 

 diseases to handle at the right time of the year, because it is all 

 on the outside. You can wipe it right oflf. But apples will not 

 keep if affected by it. 



Question : Bordeaux mixture ? 



Prof. Gulley : Yes, sir, and if I don't mention anything else, 

 Bordeaux mixture is what I am talking about all the time. It is 

 unnecessary to say to this audience what Bordeaux mixture is 

 for, that we use it only for diseases — poisons are for insects, 

 Bordeaux is not for insects. It is the hardest thing I have found 

 for years to beat into our folks' head, what Bordeaux mixture 

 is for. It is a remedy for diseases — nothing else. Do not ever 

 use it for insects ; it has no practical value there. For insects 

 you must make emulsions or else poison them. 



Our own operations the past two seasons satisfies me that it 

 pays to use high power pumps or pressure, and with it we can, 

 and should, use weaker mixtures. The barrel pump is all right 

 for anything less than a hundred trees, but the man who is grow- 

 ing five hundred can't bother with a barrel pump that runs by 

 hand. You won't do enough of it. It is too hard work. It 

 means higher power, more costly machinery ; and then you will 

 do enough to make it pay. The barrel pump is very nice. We 

 have used it a good deal up to within two years. Two years 

 ago we started the gas. Last year we had a pump which you 

 can run by hand power or by other power if you see fit. So far 

 we have used it only by hand. But it is a double cylinder pump 

 putting material on with greater force and more thoroughly 

 onto the trees and increases the value of the spraying. A pres- 



