REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 203 



life history has been worked up very carefully by Dr. L. O. 

 Howard and C. L. Marlatt of the Department at Washington 

 in " Bulletin No. 3 New Series " I take pleasure in quoting 

 from that. 



" In common with all the armored scales, the life round of 

 this insect, with the exception of a few hours of active larval 

 existence and an equally brief winged existence of the mature 

 male, is passed under the protection of a waxy scale. The 

 winter is passed by the nearly full grown insects under the pro- 

 tection of the scale. Early in April in this latitude (Washing- 

 ton) the hibernating males emerge, and by the middle of May 

 the overwintered females mature and begin to give birth to a 

 new generation, continuing to produce young for a period of 

 upward of six weeks, when they reach the limit of production of 

 young and perish. The viviparous habit of the giving birth to 

 the living young, possessed by the San Jose Scale, finds a paral- 

 lel in many other insects. In the case of the San Jose Scale the 

 eggs are fairly well formed within the body of the mother." 



"The emergence of the young from the female over a period 

 of six weeks leads to a very confusing intermingling of genera- 

 tions and renders it difficult to make observations on the life his- 

 tory. The newly born larva (Fig. 12) is an almost micro- 

 scopic creature of pale orange-yellow color, with long, oval body 

 and with the customary six legs and two feelers. They measure 

 about .24mm. by .imm. in width. The long thread-like 

 proboscis with which the juices of the plant are sucked up is 

 doubled on itself and lies in an invagination of the body wall, 

 the tip only projecting." 



