Mr. H. E. Strickland on the Geology of Asia Mitior. 69 



terstratified with the slate, into which it frequently pT^.^es. The strike 

 of the beds commonly coincides with that of the mountain range, but 

 the amount and direction of the dip is said to vary greatly. 



3. Greenstone. — It is with some hesitation that the author gives a 

 distinct place to this rock, as he conceives that it may be of the age 

 of the trachytes. He observed it between Kesterlek and A(lrian6s, 

 associated, though not clearly, with the mica slate j and near the 

 village of Eshen he noticed a vein of greenstone traversing a tertiary 

 rock, and therefore believes that the extensive greenstone formation 

 around that village may be tertiary. 



4. Silurian rocks. — A formation of schist and limestone containing 

 many fossils resembling in general character those of the Silurian 

 rocks, was observed on both shores of the Bosphorus north of Con- 

 stantinople. Mr. Strickland stated that the formation would be de- 

 scribed in a separate memoir. 



5. Hippurite limestone and schist.— TKx^ term is employed by the 

 author to designate the vast series of limestones, Which covers a great 

 area in the South of Europe, and represents in Asia Minor the whole 

 of the secondary formations. On the south side of Lake Apollonia 

 the deposit consists of compact, yellowish, lithographic stone, iden- 

 tical with that of Greece j at Mount Tartali, on the east of Smyrna, 

 of compact, gray limestone, abounding with large Hippurites, and of 

 greenish schistose sandstone like some of the Italian macignos; on 

 the eastern part of Mount Sipylus, above Magnesia, as well as in the 

 peninsula of Carabornou, and in the island of Scio, it also consists 

 of gray compact limestone ; and at Mount Corax, west of Smyrna, 

 of schistose marls and sandstone apparently devoid of fossils. 



In addition to these localities, Mr. Strickland says, that on the 

 south side of the Hermus, between Ghi^diz and Hushak, he and 

 Mr. Hamilton observed a series of beds consisting chiefly of mica- 

 ceous sandstone finely laminated, and containing occasionally beds 

 of rolled pebbles and soft white limestone ; and though the deposit 

 is unlike any other in Asia Minor, yet he is inclined to class it with 

 the Hippurite limestone. 



6. Tertiary lacustrine limestone. — In the part of Asia Minor de- 

 scribed in this paper, every large valley, with the exception of the 

 Cayster, contains remains of extensive lacustrine deposits, forming 

 occasionally rounded hills several hundred feet high; but they are 

 totally wanting in the narrow ravines. They consist generally of 

 horizontal beds of calcareous marl, sandstone, and white limestone, 

 which is often identical in composition with English chalk, inclosing 

 layers and nodules of flint; but sometimes approaching in character 

 to the Italian scaglia. Near the skirts of the deposits the marls and 

 limestones gradually become sandy and gravelly, resembling in some 

 instances a shingle beach. The fossils noticed in these beds belong 

 to shells of the genera Unio, Cyclas, Lymnsea, Planorbis, Paludina, 

 and Helix, and to leaves of dicotyledonous plants. 



As far as the author's observations extended, these testaceous re- 

 mains resemble more the existing freshwater shells of the North of 

 Europe than those now inhabiting Asia Minor. Thus the genus Cy- 

 clas, common in the North of Europe, was not noticed by him in Asia 



