402 Geological Societt/. 



some excavations showed an ancient street in the same place eight 

 feet below, and it was then seen that there had evidently been an 

 artificial raising of the ground, doubtless in consequence of that sub- 

 sidence. There is also a street at Trelleborg and another at 

 Skanor a few inches below high-water mark ; and a street at Ystad 

 is just on a level with the sea, at which it could not have been ori- 

 ginally built. I trust that we shall soon receive more circumstantial 

 details of these curious phaenomena, which are the more interesting 

 because it has been shown that the elevatory movement in Sweden 

 diminishes in intensity as we proceed southward from the North 

 Cape to Stockholm, from which it seems probable that after passing 

 the line or axis of least movement, where the land is nearly stationary, 

 a movement may be continued in an opposite direction, and thus 

 cause the gradual sinking of Scania. 



I cannot take leave of this subject without remarking that the 

 occurrence in various parts of Ireland, Scotland, and England, of 

 recent shells in stratified gravel, sand, and loam, confirm the opi- 

 nion which I derived from an examination of part of Sweden, 

 namely, that the formations usually called diluvial have not been 

 produced by any violent flood or debacle, or transient passage 

 of the sea over the land, but by a prolonged submersion of the 

 land, the level of which has been greatly altered at periods very 

 modern in our geological chronology. I now believe that by far 

 the greatest part of the dispersion of transported matter has been 

 due to the ordinary moving power of water, often assisted by ice, 

 and cooperating with the alternate upheaval and depression of land. 

 I do not mean wholly to deny that some sudden rushes of water 

 and partial inundations of the sea have occurred, but we are enabled 

 to dispense with their agency more and more in proportion as our 

 knowledge increases. 



ORGANIC REMAINS. 



Gentlemen, you have been already informed that the Council 

 have this year awarded two Wollaston Medals, one to Captain 

 Proby Cautley of the Bengal Artillery, and the other to Dr. Hugh 

 Falconer, Superintendent of the Botanic Garden at Sabarunpore, 

 for their researches in the geology of India, and more particularly 

 their discovery of many fossil remains of extinct quadrupeds at the 

 southern foot of the Himalaya mountains. At our last Anniversary 

 I took occasion to acknowledge a magnificent present, consisting of 

 duplicates of these fossils, which the Society had received from 

 Captain Cautley, and since that time other donations of great value 

 have been transmitted by him to our museum. These Indian fossil 

 bones belong to extinct species of herbivorous and carnivorous 

 mammalia, and to reptiles of the genera crocodile, gavial, emys, and 

 trionyx, and to several species of fish, with which shells of fresh- 

 water genera are associated, the whole being entombed in a for- 

 mation of sandstone, conglomerate, marl, and clay, in inclined stra- 

 tification, composing a range of hills called the SiwaHk, between 

 the rivers Sutledge and Ganges. Th ese hills rise to the height of 



