Illustrations of the Cornipedatce and Pecora. 345 



loped, and inclosed respectively in whole, cloven, and subsul- 

 cate hoofs. The elephant, the hippopotamus, the rhinoceros, 

 the hog, and their allies, will form the first race of the hoof- 

 footed district : they are non-ruminant animals, with more than 

 two toes inclosed in hoofs. Some difficulty would seem to 

 have arisen as to the arrangement and the naming of this 

 extraordinary race of quadrupeds. The elephant was placed 

 among the Bruta of Linnaeus, and associated with the walrus, 

 the sloth, and the ant-eaters ; his Belluae contained the hippo- 

 potamus, rhinoceros, hog, and horse. The association was 

 much improved by Blumenbach, who excluded the Trichecus 

 and the horse, and called the group Multungula. Cuvier, 

 who retained the horse in this section, and added the Hyrax to 

 the assemblage, called the whole, from the thickness of the 

 skin in most, Pachydermata ; but the Daman at any rate is not 

 a Pachydermatous animal ; and, as we exclude the horse, the 

 name Belluae, which, in the classic writers, is more especially 

 applied to uncouth, unwieldy beasts, seems the most fitting 

 and expressive term. Had a word been to be invented, as the 

 herds of swine and hordes of elephants are separated from the 

 horse and the ruminating cattle, i.e. from the flocks, Egreges 

 (out-herds) might not have been an inappropriate appellation 

 for these Belluine beasts ; its true meaning would point out 

 their segregation from the flocks and herds ; and its acquired 

 signification would obliquely indicate their vast, unsightly forms. 

 They might likewise be called Armenta or hordes ; and, from 

 their hoofs, Subungulosa, Multungula, Gravidada, &c. (Vide 

 Table, p. 352.) 



The Ruminating Quadrupeds, or second race of hoof-footed 

 beasts, form so natural an assemblage, that all writers agree in 

 their alliance, however they may differ in the names that are 

 severally attached thereto : little comment will, therefore, here 

 be needed. PECORA, Pecudines, or Cattle, would seem the 

 most familiar and the best appellations : from their cloven 

 hoofs they have been called Bisulca, Binungula, orBinungulosa; 

 and Ruminantia, as they chew the cud. They have no true 

 incisor teeth in the upper jaw, which, with their fourfold 

 stomach, their ruminant propensity, and their cloven hoofs, will 

 strongly characterize this natural group. The subdivisions of 

 this race are formed by the presence or absence of canine teeth, 



