The Spartans of the West 19 



testify that each Indian village had its fields of corn, beans, 

 and pumpkins. The crops were harvested and safely 

 carried them over long periods when there was no other 

 supply. They did not believe in vast accumulations of 

 wealth, because their wise men had said that greed would 

 turn their hearts to stone and make them forget the poor. 

 Furthermore, since all when strong contributed to the tribe, 

 the tribe supported them in childhood, sickness and age. 

 They had no poor; they had no famine until the traders 

 came with whiskey and committed tJte crimes for which 

 we as a nation have yet to answer. 



Fourth: He was dirty. Many dirty habits are to be 

 seen to-day among the Reservation Indians, but it was not 

 so in the free days. A part of the old Indian's religion was 

 to take a bath every day the year round for the helping of 

 his body. Some tribes bathed twice a day. Every village 

 had a Turkish bath in continual use. It is only the de- 

 graded Indian who has become dirty, and many of the 

 whites who oftenest assail him as filthy never take a bath 

 from birth to judgment day. 



Fifth: He was lazy. No one who saw the Indian in his 

 ancient form has preferred this charge. He was not fond 

 of commercial manufacturing, but the regular work of 

 tilling his little patch of corn and beans he did not shirk, nor 

 the labor of making weapons and boats, nor the frightful 

 toil of portaging, hunting and making war. He undertook 

 these at all times without a murmur. 



Many men will not allow their horses to bear such bur- 

 dens as I saw the Chipewyans bear daily, without a thought 

 of hardship, accepting all as a part of their daily lot. 



Sixth: He degraded woman to be a mere beast of burden. 

 Some have said so, but the vast bulk of evidence to-day 

 goes to show that while the women did the household 

 drudgery and lighter tasks, the men did all the work be- 



