166 Dr Bidder's liemarks on the Origin^ 



eumstance that it is not necessary to go back to the foetus period 

 of the whole organism ; but that, owing to its constant renewal 

 in fully grown individuals, we can easily follow up the process. 

 The following observations were partly made on hairs which 

 were followed up with the knife through the capsule to the 

 root, but more frequently on hairs newly sprung, as in these 

 the capsule {llaarhalg) and pulp (Ilaarkeim) generally follow 

 without being injured. The pulp, which springs from the 

 bottom of the capsule, or rather from below it, exhibits at its 

 upper extremity, that which is connected with the surrounding 

 soft parts, a deep dark colour, which is palpable to the naked 

 eye, and which distinguishes it in a remarkable manner from 

 the capsule. This end, when brought without further prepa- 

 ration under the microscope, appears throughout as a granu- 

 lar, muddy yellow, and partially very dark coloured, mass.* By 

 pressure or careful division, accompanied by treatment with 

 acetic acid, the grains become so much separated from one 

 another as to be easily recognised as distinct cells provided 

 with a nucleus. The size of the cells amounts, in their largest 

 diameter, to 0.00438'" Par. on an average ; the other diame- 

 ters vary much, inasmuch as the cells are sometimes pretty 

 regularly round, sometimes oval, sometimes, and that probably 

 on account of their close proximity, irregularly flattened, and 

 sometimes thicker at one end than the other. The granu- 

 lar contents of the cells are more or less dark, but I have 

 not been able to distinguish the individual granules con- 

 tained in them, and I have not accomplished the separation 

 of these cells. The cellular nucleus is frequently hidden 

 from the eye by these contents ; it is hardly 0.002'" in size ; 

 we cannot inquire as to yet smaller bodies composing the 

 nucleus where the dimensions are thus minute. The cel- 

 lular membrane, even in the cells lying in the lowest part 

 of the capsule, are not acted on by acetic acid. These cells 

 lie through one another in quite an irregular manner, but ap- 

 pear to be united by a pretty tenacious cytohlastema^^' for it is 



♦ This has been already stated bj Gurlt in MUller's Archiv, 1836, p. 271, 

 and has been figured by him in that volume, Plate XII. Fig. 8. 



t By cytohlastema is understood a structureless substance, which is either 

 contained in pre-existing cells, or exists in the outside of these. 



