24 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1J)20. 



used by the United States Army for powder bags for loading tlic 

 large gnns. and samples of the same material adapted for civilian nse. 



Of enemy material the Ordnance Department transmitted a large 

 and interesting collection of (jerman and Austrian equipment cap- 

 tured by the American Expeditionary Forces. This included field 

 guns of 77 mm., 105 mm., 135 mm., 180 mm., and 210 mm. caliber 

 respectively, an anti-aircraft cannon of 8S mm. caliber on a very 

 heavy crude -wooden carriage said to be the first type of such moimt 

 used by the Germans; of machine guns, the heavy Maxim on sled 

 mount, the light Maxim on tripod, the light ]Maxim on anti-aircraft 

 mount Avith circular track, the Dreyse gun. light and heavy aircraft, 

 the Austrian Schwarzlose and two anti-tank guns; field kitchen 

 with two-wheeled cart. Red Cross ambulance. Red Cross wagon, 

 blacksmith's wagon, demolition wagon, road repair wagon, various 

 other A'chicles, and miscellaneous German commissary, infantr}', 

 artillery, cavalry, and signal equipment, some made of paper. 



From the Chemical AVarfare Service came otfensive and defensive 

 equipment used in the chemical Avarfare by both the armies of the 

 Allied and enemy countries, including gas. smoke and incendiary 

 shells, gas, smoke and incendiary trench mortar bombs, gas pro- 

 jectiles, gas cloud apparatus, smoke producers, flame projectors, 

 chemical grenades, aerial, gas, smoke and incendiary bombs, masks, 

 respirators, helmets, goggles, special clothing and alarms; in. each 

 case not only the latest and most up to date objects of the type 

 described but also nearly complete series shoAving the development of 

 such objects from their earliest form to the most recent. 



The Corps of Engineers contributed a collection illustrating the 

 important part played in modern Avarfare by that branch of the 

 Army, including examples of tools and small equipment and of the 

 large instruments, peculiar to the Avork of the Corps, Avhich so greatly 

 aided in Avinning the Avar. Particularly interesting are a parabolic 

 listening device used for determining the location of enemy aero- 

 planes at night and directing searchlights against them — a A'ery im- 

 jDortant feature in combating air raids ; a sound ranging set for locat- 

 ing the position of enemy batteries by recording the sound of the 

 guns ; a flash ranging set Avhich locates the position of enemy batteries 

 by recording the flashes of the guns : examples of the 36-inch and the 

 GO-inch high intensity electric-arc searchlights and of the 60-inch 

 oi>en tA'pe searchlights ; models showing the use of camouflage ma- 

 terial in trench Avarfare Avith dummy silhouettes of soldiers to draAV 

 machine gun fire; representation of standard t^^pe trench and shelter 

 cave chamber; models of bridges, pontoon boats and Avagons, and a 

 camouflaged gun position. 



( )ther contributions, through the Quartermaster Corps, added uni- 

 forms and insignia of the types worn by the armies of the Allied and 



