THE AGKICULTUEAL XEWS. 



The Inefficiency of 

 Carbolic Fluids 



as 



Tick Destroyers 



CATTLE TtCK 



A» Carbolic or ColJ Tar Fluid Preparations are largely used in the West Indies and Central America for treating tick-infested cattle, 

 it is desirable that it should be known that such preparations possess only a very low degree of tick-killing power. 



When Professor Ne^vstead paid a special visit to Jamaica to investigate the Tick Problem, the efficiency of a number of the more 



popular of these Carbolic Fluids was carefully tested, with the result that 

 the number of ticks killed >vas never more than 65 and in some cases as low as S> 



The following reference lo the Jamaica tests referred lo above is taken 

 from a F'aper by the Hon. H. H. Cousins. M.A., F.C.S., Director of 

 Agriculture in Jamaica, entitled " Practical Measures for the Prevention 

 of Ticks in Jamaica ": — 



" Professor Newstead, and the Jamaica Department of Agri- 

 *' culture, carefully tested the efficacy of all the dip washes offered 

 " for sale in Jamaica, and it was found that the bulk of these 

 "remedies were Carbolic or Coal-Tar Emulsions. 



" We found, however, that these preparations had not a high 

 " standard of ' Wetting Power,' and tended lo " bead off ' the 

 *' licks on the skin of the animal, much as plam water beads off 

 " a duck's back. 



" Again, we found that none of these preparations would 

 " kill ticks unless used at a strength that was very liable 

 "to strip the skin of the cows under treatment, and in 

 " no case did we obtain a high efficiency of tick 

 "destruction." 



These statements have been confirmed by many investigators in 

 different Countries, as will be seen, for example, from the following 

 extract from United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin 144, in 

 which are given full particulars of a large number ol tests, the result of 

 which was to show that arsenical preparations alone are really 

 efficient and satisfactory tick-destroyers : — 



" Ever since the fact that the lick is ihe agent of transmission 

 " of Texas Fever was established, investigations have been carried 

 " on for the purpose of discovering some substance which, when 

 "applied externally to the bodies ol lick-infested cattle, v,ould free 

 " them from licks wiihout injury to the animals themselves. Several 

 "remedies which give good results in the case of such external 

 " parasites as mange miles and lice are ol little or no use in the case 

 " of licks. For example. Lime & Sulphur, tobacco, and carbolic 

 "or coal tar dips have been found to have no practical 

 " value in the destruction of ticks." 



The same conclusion was arrived at as the result ol similar tests 

 carried out at the Central Agricultural Slalion in Cuba. Th'- following 

 is a quotation from Bulletin 8, entitled " Texas Fever and '1 he Cattle 

 Tick : "— 



" Cattle Ticks upon animals are very difficult lo destroy, but 

 "we have been making a careful search for some cheap and 

 " efficient remedy for them. 



" Creoline and other carbolic and coal-tar products 

 '* were tried, mixed with water, and also with alcohol, in 2, 3, 4, 

 " and 5 per cent, solutions. 



"The stronger applications will kill some ticks, but 

 *'not enough to warrant their use, as the skin of the 

 " animals is irritated by them." 



The continued use in the West Indies of ineffective Carbolic Prepar- 

 ations for the destruction of ticks is no doubt due lo the fact ihit most 

 Owners of Cattle look upon ticks as a pest thai will always exist whatever 

 is done, and regard the struggle against them as a hopeless, never-ending 

 one. They are consequently more or less satisfied so long as the number 

 of ticks on their cattle is kept within reasonable bounds, and are reconciled 

 lo the belief that, so long as -they have cattle, so lohg will th;y have lo 

 keep on treating ihem al intervals for ticks. They do not realize ih.i'. it is 

 perfectly possible to eradicate licks completely from a property 

 within a period of two or three years. 



To get rid of ticks completely, once for all, it is only necessary to 

 treat the cattle regularly wilh some properly prepared arsenical prepar- 

 alion. for it is now generally recognised ihat arsenical fluids alone can 

 be relied on to kill every tick wilh which they come into contact. 



To employ a Carbolic preparation which will not kill more than 

 60^i of the Ticks is merely trifling with the Tick Problem, for the 

 multiplication of ticks takes place with amazing rapidity. One single 

 • adult female tick his been known to lay 5,001J eggs. But if we take 

 2,500 as the average number, and assuming that all these 2.500 eggs 

 matured, and that one half were fcm.ilcs, the following figures show the 

 number of ticks that might be produced in one year by a single tick:^ 



1st Generation ■•• 2.500 



2nd Generation 3,125.000 



3rd Generation 3.906.250.000 



4th Generation 4,882,812,500,000 



5th Generation ... 6,103,515.625.000,000 



Total pro geny from 1 tick in 1 year ... 6,108,402,346,877,500 



These figures shew the importance of uiins Preparations which will kill every single licli. 



Even the most cffeclive Carbolic Preparations never kill more than 

 65' ol the ticks, and the use of such inelficicnt fluids can only result, at 

 ihe most, in keeping ihe licks in check ; whereas if an arsenical prepar- 

 ation, such as Cooper's C.illle Tick Dip. be regularly and carefully used, 

 complete eradication is possible within a few years. 



COOPER'S CATTLE TICK DIP 

 Hat received the official approval of the following Countries : 

 Union of Soulli .\frica. Northern KItodcslap lirazil, llasutoland, 



Nyasoland, Swaziland, Soulliern Rhodesia, Aladajjascar, 



Brilish East Africa, Germ.in East Africa, PorluKUCse East Africa, 



Portuguese Weft Africa, ERypt. ArRenline Repuhlic. Queensland, 



Lnited Slates of America, New South W a!:s. 



Northern Territory of Australia. 



Manufacturers : WILLIAM COOPER & NEPHEWS, Borkhamsted, England. 



ERANtHtS: Toionlo, Chicago, Sydney, Melbourne, Auckland, Buenos Aires, Monte Video, Punia Arena., East London, Odetsa. 



WEST INDIAN AGENTS : 



ST. KITTS: 5. L. Hnr.sford & Co. ANTIOL A: Bennett. Bryson & Co. 



J.^MAICA: I). Hender-son & Co.. Kingston. 



OKI-NADA: Thoin'ion. Hankev & Co. 



BARBAOO.'^: I'.arltiido.s Co-nncriitive Cotton Co.. Ltd. 



BAIIA,M.\5: W. ^■ rwvnani. Na.s.-iau. 



TRIMDAli; T. (icddes liranl, l»ort of Spain. 



BRITISH Ol'IANA: >andl>ach. I'arker & Co. 



ST. VINCENT: Corea •& Co.. Kiniistown. NKVTS: ,5. D. .Malone. 



DANl-'^H \VI:.SI IM)ll-:5: Carl V. la lieet. ,St. Thomas. 



MONT-SERKAI': W. l.lcwcllv n Wall, DllMIMCA: Hon. H. A. Framnton. 



5T. I V CI \: liarnurd .-ion.-i & Co.. Ca.strics. 



