Io6 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ILLINOIS 



little larger, though I can see no difference in the flavor — they may be 

 identical, I am not sure. 



Mr. Weir. — Mr. President, I am somewhat amused at the statement 

 that rust is induced by deterioration of soil. Rust is caused by the action 

 or growth of sporadic fungi, it is a fungous growth upon the leaf, and has 

 nothing whatever to do with the soil. The Kittatinny was my best 

 berry until struck by rust. So far Snyder has not rusted with me. 



J. R. Gaston. — We have the Kittatinny and Snyder here in Normal, 

 standing side by side ; Kittatinny has rusted, but Snyder has not. 



Mr. Holdridge. — Early Wilson and Snyder do not rust with me, 

 but Kittatinny does. 



Mr. Wier. — I desire to say that on high ground, somewhat isolated, 

 the Kittatinny has done better than elsewhere. The question has often 

 been asked, how can we cure the rust? I say it cannot be cured. 



Mr. McWhorter. — The wild blackberries, as well as Kittatinny, were 

 killed dead with me last winter ; Snyder was also somewhat injured. 



J. S. Johnson. — It is a sad mistake to say that rust comes from 

 exhaustion of the soil. Rust appeared on Lawton, Kittatinny and the 

 wild blackberry, and completely destroyed them, on ground that had 

 been highly manured and cultivated. 



Mr. Wier. — Defective foliage of the year previous occasioned the 

 failure in the blackberry the past season. The same is true of apples, 

 pears and cherries. The cane and also the fruit-bud is always built up 

 the previous season for the sustenance of the next year's crop ; if it had 

 not received the previous year from the atmosphere and the soil all the 

 elements needed, it cannot withstand the intense cold. Peach-trees 

 have stood twenty-six degrees below, and have been afterward killed by 

 ten below. 



J, R. Gaston. — I never saw finer foliage on blackberries than was 

 with us in 1878 ; yet quite all but Snyder were killed. Snyder does not 

 like wet land, but on any land but that which might be termed sloughy 

 it bears heavily. 



Mr. Edwards, — Taylor and Wallace (called hardy) killed last year. 



Mr. Hammond. — The foliage on all kinds was good last year, but 

 Lawton killed down to snow line, and Kittatinny was badly injured. 



Mr. Earle. — At Cobden Kittatinny and Lawton, side by side, 

 rusted, Lawton not much, however ; Wilson's Early is tender, but does 

 not rust, neither does the Snyder. 



A word as to raspberries : A neighbor has substituted Brandywine 

 for Turner as a shipping berry. 



