STATB HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 221 



of the tree, and, of course, this offers little encouragement to the fruit- 

 grower. When a parasitic fungus lives only on the outside of its host, 

 sulphur is a usual remedy, but nothing has been found, so far as I know, 

 that will destroy those that grow on the inside of the supporting plant, or 

 prevent their doing mischief. I did not examine the leaves, and do not 

 know whether the spores are produced from the leaves or from the apples 

 only. If the latter, then to prevent an infected tree from bearing by 

 removing the fruit would prevent the spread of the disease for the time 

 being, and possibly might exhaust the fungus in the tree. If one or two 

 small trees were affected, this would be practicable. It may be that to 

 gather the fruit and feed it to stock, or otherwise use it, as soon as the 

 first appearance of disease is seen, would produce the same result. On 

 the subject of using the apples, I can say that I have used them from 

 infected trees, both those that had begun to decay and those as yet 

 perfectly sound, both cooked and raw, and could not see as any evil 

 effects followed their use. From this, I have good reason to believe that 

 the apples may be used for cider or any other purpose without fear of any 

 injurious results; but in order that such use may serve the purpose of 

 preventing the spread of the disease it should be prompt upon the 

 appearance of the rot. It is probable, too, that leaving the rotten apples 

 on the trees through the winter is another means of propagating the 

 disease, and, the-efore, it would be best that all such be removed, not 

 merely from the tree but from the orchard. 



Difference of soil has but little influence on the disease, as it is found 

 in trees on dry knolls with thin soil, as well as in lower, richer situations; 

 though I should think a low, moist situation would be more favorable for 

 its spread, as more suited to fungus growth, and such seems to be the case. 



On the 1 2th of September Mr. I. H. Caldwell, Secretary of the 

 Jackson County Horticultural Society, brought me a number of apples, 

 some showing signs of infection, others sound, but evidently from the 

 same trees as the rotting ones. I made several experiments with these, 

 first to see if those that were then sound would after a time show signs of 

 the disease; second, to see what effect lime and sulphur would have upon 

 those already decaying, and upon those then sound. Each lot was in a 

 jar by itself separate from all the others, with no chance of communica- 

 tion, so that each was independent from the others in its results. 



Jar No. I contained apples showing no signs of disease ; these 

 remained unchanged for twenty days, but subsequently decayed, with the 

 black perithecia on various parts of their surface. No lime or sulphur 

 was used with these. 



Jar No. 2 contained apples the same as No. i, but well sprinkled 

 with sulphur, care being taken that all parts be covered. These decayed 

 in from twenty to thirty days, the spots bearing spore-cases as before. 

 This showed that sulphur would not prevent the development of the 

 fungus, nor seemingly delay it even. 



Jar No. 3 contained apples already decaying. These were treated 

 with sulphur the same as the preceding; but it did not check the decay, 

 nor did it check the increase of the perithecia. 



