Ill K AMERICAN BOTANIST 151 



known as "white Iinrchoinid". "lionnd'!- banc", "marrube" and 

 "marvel". The \\i>rd "horehound" is said to he deri\'ed from 

 hoar, white, and limic, plant, atul to ha\e no reference to dogs. 

 It >honld ihrrefore he spelled hoarhound, but the modern w^ay 

 of spelling' it i^ tiie one 1 have used. Ballota nigra is the 

 "black horeh(nnid", "fetid horehound", "hair hound", "false 

 horehound", "I)lack angelica" and "henbit". All are intelligi- 

 ble and the last two indicate a mental association of these 

 [)lants with La mi inn. .\nother pl.ant often wrongly named 

 "horehound" is Lycopns linrof^acns which is usually better 

 known as "water horehound" or "marsh horehound". This 

 is also the "green arcliangel" and "gypsy plant" or "gypsy 

 weed". The last two names allude to the belief that this plant 

 is used by gypsies to stain tlie skin. Lycopns rubcllns and L. 

 Aniericannni are other species that are known as "water hore- 

 hound" and "gypsy wort", and the latter shares the name of 

 "bitter bugle" with L. Buropacns. Lycopns Virginicus is 

 known as "bugle weed", "bugle wort" or "wood betony". 

 The last name results from a confusion of this species wath the 

 real wood betony (Betonica). The species of Ajuga are also 

 commonly known as "bugle weeds", from a fancied resem- 

 blance to the well known musical instrument. "Bugle", it 

 may be said, is derived from hnculns a diminutive of has, an 

 ox, and the reference is of course to the horns. Ajiiga rep- 

 tans is the species most commonly called "bugle-weed" or 

 simply "bugle". It is occasionly known as "carpenter's herb" 

 and "sickle wort", names which are apparently due to the con- 

 fusion of this species with Prnnella. 



The species of Scntcllaria are generally called "skull- 

 caps" from the appearance of the fruiting calyx like a helmet 

 with \isoi- closed. Scntcllaria lateriflora is the "mad-dog 

 skull cap" and "madweed" because it was once reputed to be 



