152 THE AMERICAN BOTANIST 



have been derived from CaryopJiyllon the Greek name for clove 

 tree and to have come down to us through the French girolfe 

 and Middle English gcllofre or gelofer. The plant commonly- 

 called "gilliflower" and with more reason, is the "clove pink" 

 (Dianthus.) Our species seems to have fallen heir to the 

 name by reason of its fragrance. The name of "rogue's gil- 

 liflower" applied to it has no base meaning being derived from 

 the French rouge which means simply red, a color, by the way, 

 which few Cruci ferae favor. 



It would be difficult to say which is the true mustard 

 genus. Perhaps Brassica may claim the honor with the 

 "white mustard" {B. alba), the "black mustard" {B. nigra), 

 the "wild mustard" {B. arvenis) and the "Indian mustard" 

 {B. jiincca). Of these, all but the last are know^n as "char- 

 lock," a W'Ord with numerous spellings of w'hich chadlock, 

 kerlock; cadlock, curlock and skedlock may be noted. B. ar- 

 vensis is also named "corn mustard" for its habit of growing 

 in grain fields and "yellow^ flower" for its color. Its name of 

 "kraut-grass," corrupted to "crowd-grass" refers to its use as 

 a pot-herb and "runch-weed" or "crunch-weed" may also in- 

 dicate edible qualities. This plant is also the "field kale" or 

 "corn kale" names derived from "cole" and ultimately from 

 the Latin caulum a stalk. Brassica campestris is the "ruta- 

 baga," B. napus is the "rape," B. rapa the "turnip" and B 

 oleracea the "cabbage," the latter from the French cabouche, 

 a head. A second "black mustard" or "wild mustard" is 

 Raphaniis raphanistriim, but this is more commonly known as 

 "wild radish." This plant is another "charlock," "'kraut- 

 weed" and "wild rape." Among other mustards may be men- 

 tioned the "tansy mustard" {Sisymbrium canescens) so called 

 from its tansy-like leaves, the "tumble mustard" (Sisymbri- 

 um altissimum) also known as "Jim Hill mustard" from its 



