85 



With one or both of these precautions, and then only 

 getting? the stock from regularly inspected nurseries, 

 should practically guarantee trees free of any of the 

 above named pests, 



Orvhurd treatment. — When the scale is discovered in 

 an orchard, all badly infested trees should be dug up and 

 burned. These trees will he killed in a comparatively 

 short time, from the injury caused by the scale, and be- 

 sides, the owner is free from this source of infection. In 

 the end it is a saving rather than a loss. 



Undoubtedly the i)est remedy that we now have is the 

 \mu\ sulphur and salt wash. "^This has been tried in a 

 great many places, and has been found very success- 

 ful in controlling scale insects. While it cannot be ex- 

 pected to kill all the scales at once, yet it kills the larger 

 part of them, and helps to successfully keep them under 

 control. To be effective the lime, sulphur and salt wash 

 must be carefully made, and in spraying every part of 

 the tree, from the ground up, must be covered. It is 

 advisable to go over the trees a second time in order to 

 cover parts overlooked the first time. 



Spraying at best is laborious and disagreeable work, 

 and unless done thoroughly and at the proper time, is 

 little better than if not done at all. This wash can only 

 be applied to the trees in winter time, as then the trees 

 are dormant. It seems that the best time to apply it is 

 just before the buds open in the spring. 



So far no successful summer treatment has been found. 

 As mentioned above, all badly infested trees should be de- 

 stroyed and all others not so badly infested should be 

 treated by covering the trunk and larger branches with 

 the lime, sulphur and salt wash. Use one-half the regu- 

 lar strength, and apply by either a brush or spray 

 pump. Be careful not to get too much on the foliage, 

 although it is better to sacrifice some of the foliage 

 rather than not to touch the larger part of the scales. 



Spraying Outfits. — Too much can not be said in favor 

 of having strong and effective spraying outfits. A small 

 leaky pump, with only a few feet of hose, and a womout 

 nozzle are not the proper things to use in spraying trees. 

 It is much better for several congenial growers to unite 

 in purchasing a good, serviceable outfit, rather than for 

 each to purchase smaller and less efficient apparatus. 



