89 



drenchiiisj of the foliaoo should he avoided as much as 

 possible. The oil has a temleney to scorch the foliage, 

 but uot to a serious exteut if the work is properly (hjue. 



HOW TO PREPARE THE SPKAYIXG MATERIALS. 



KEUOSEXE OIL EMULSi;)X. 



Formula (uid I)irrrfio>is. — Au euiulsion of either crude 

 petroleuui or kerosene uiay l>e made from the following 

 formula : 



2 pounds potasli whale-(^il soaj). 

 4 gal bins water. 

 8 gallons oil. 



Weigh the soap carefully and place with the water in 

 a ve^=s(d over the fire, using a slight excess of water to 

 make up for evaporation. Fit a pump with a short piece 

 of hose, to wliich is attached a nozzle for throwing a 

 straight stream 3-16 or 1-4 inch in diameter. Pour the 

 oil into the barrel or tub in which the pump is set, and 

 when the whale-oil soap is dissolved, and the solution be- 

 gins to boil, add it to the oil, and pump the whole vigor- 

 ously back into itself for a period of at least ten minutes. 

 The stream from the nozzle should be directed straight 

 downward into the mixture so as to stir it to the very 

 bottom. After a few minutes the oil and soap solution 

 will be seen to combine, forming a thick, creamy emul- 

 sion, which when perfectly made will remain without 

 change for weeks. 



For a 20 per cent, strength add water to make 40 gal- 

 lons. 



For a 15 per cent, strength add Avater to make 53 1-3 

 gallons. 



For a 10 per cent, strength add w^ater to make 80 gal- 

 lons. 



MntcrkUs and Pump Required. — Either crude oil or 

 kerosene will give good results in making emulsion. The 

 soap should preferably be some soft whale-oil soap, such 

 as Good's No. 3. If a hard soap is used the emulsion 

 will be curdy, and only with difficulty mix with water. 



The ordinary Bordeaux spray pump answers very well 

 for mixing the emulsion, but almost any pump will do 

 nozzle A "Bordeaux" or "Seneca" nozzle gives a yery 

 that can be fitted with the requisite section of hose and 



