115 



sary to leave the dilator in the canal or duct for an hour 

 or more just 'before milking. Be careful to cleanse and 

 sterilize the dilator just before using, with boiling water 

 or a good disinfectant. When dilators will not accom- 

 plish the desired result, use a small knife blade, lance 

 (fig. 4), or the teat slitter (fig. 5), and enlarge the duct 

 at the place of narrowing; then us ' the dilator or probe 

 to preveut the narrowing of the duct as the wound heals. 



Sometimes orowths or small enlargements on the inner 

 surface of the duct may be clipped off with very small 

 sharp pointed scissors or twisted off with small forceps. 



Lime or sand-like deposits in the sinus may require 

 considerable dilatation of the duct with the ordinary or 

 spring dihitor (fig. 3) ; or the small forceps may be used 

 to remove the sand-like particles. A false membrane 

 across the milk sinus or reservoir may be pierced and 

 slit open witJi a small knife (fig. 8). Clots of casein 

 may be removed by using a milk tube (figs. 9, 10), or by 

 using dilators (fig. 3), and complete and frequent milk- 

 ing. If the udder is inflamed use antiseptic injections 

 and applications as directed under head of garget or 

 inflammation of the udder. 



Papillo:mas or warts on the bag or teats may be 

 clipped off with knife or scissors when the cow is dry; 

 cut about as deep or a little deeper than the thickness 

 of the skin. Care should be taken not to cut around or 

 into the opening of the duct of the teat; it might leave 

 a permanent opening or the contraction of the scar 

 might close the duct. After clipping apply once or twice 

 per day, castor oil, 3 ounces ; salicylic acid, 4 drams. 



