140 



the smell of blood, or the discharge from an aborting 

 animal, may cause abortion in sensitive, highly-bred 

 Jerseys. 



Miscarriage may follow sudden changes in the weather 

 especially if the victims are poorly nourished. 



Violence in any form is a fruitful cause of abortion. 

 Mares which "■balk" or refuse to pull and cows which 

 "sulk-' or refuse to travel about from the unmerciful 

 beatings received. 



Jars and jolts in railway cars, and shipping long dis- 

 tances may cause the trouble. 



Mounting other cows or being mounted by other cows 

 or the bull; falling into ditches or having the hind foot 

 slip unexpectedly into gutters behind the cow; jump- 

 ing fences; crowding through door ways; and so on in- 

 definitely may result in abortion. 



While it stands to reason that slight injury is less lia- 

 ble than severe violence to result in abortion, the results 

 cannot be judged by the extent of the violence, for at 

 one time an animal will carry her foetus successfully 

 through a violent accident, and at another time abort 

 after sustaining the most insignificant injury. 



In one case a calf which was born alive, but required 

 the assistance of a surgeon for delivery, and died as a 

 consequence of the manipulation, was found to have one 

 hind leg bent at right angle just above the hock. When 



the flesh was boiled off, the bone showed evidence of 

 having been broken, union being complete with the ex- 

 ception of a small spicule of bone projecting from that 

 part where yie tissue had separated most. The owner 

 had not seen any accident, but remembered a break in 

 a rail fence, made, probabh^, by this cow, about one 

 month prior to delivery. At any rate, it shows that a 

 pregnant animal may suffer violence little short of death 

 of the foetus and not abort. 



On the other hand, the most insignificant accident may 

 be responsible for abortion. A mare had one hind foot 



