The average abundance was graphically shown by means of tables of 

 figures. There was what might be termed a positive and negative 

 heliotropism; but the causes are hardly known. There is a diurnal 

 migration; away from the surface during the day and towards the 

 surface in the evening. Most migrations are vertical; but a few hori- 

 zontal ones are recorded, but are not explanable. Six species do not 

 come above 100 fathoms except at night. All the work done shows 

 that there is a continual oscillation of these organisms. 



There was considerable discussion, especially by Prof. Ulrey, Dr. 

 Whiting and Mr. Gilbert, and questions and suggestions offered by 

 most persons present. 



Meeting adjorned at 9:15. 



F. GRINNELL, JR., 



Acting Secretary. 



The Biological Section of the Southern California Academy of 

 Sciences met on Tuesday evening. April 8, at the library of the State 

 Normal School. Los Angeles. The meeting was called to order by 

 the chairman of the section, Dr. C. A. Whiting, at 8 o'clock. Fifteen 

 persons were present. 



Dr. Charles Lincoln Edwards spoke on The Biological Stations of 

 Kristineberg, Sweden; Naples, Italy; and Vienna. Austria. He (]f 

 scribed the organization of each, its equipment, the personalities o+' 

 the directors, and the general work. Dr. Edwards spent some time 

 at each of these stations, several years ago, working chiefly on the 

 Holothuriens, and gave several little incidents of his residence at these 

 places. He also spoke of his acquaintance with Rudolph Leuckart at 

 Leipzig. The meeting adjourned at 9:15. 



F. GRINNELL,JR. 



Acting Secretary. 



The Biological Section of the Southern California Academy of 

 Sciences met on Thursday evening. May 15, 1913, in the library of the 

 State Normal School, Los Angeles. Dr. C. A. Whiting, chairman, 

 presiding, and a good attendance. Among those present were: C. A. 

 Whiting, C. L. Edwards. C. O. Esterly. J. Frank Morris, S. J. Keese, 

 R L. Beardsley. C. E. Rilliet, E. D. Leffingwell, Karl Hummel. C. S. 

 Ciarke, Richard Ballerino, E. K. Head, G. Ogborn, Miss Helen M. 

 Hubbs, Miss L. Hahn. and F. Grinnell. Jr. 



Mr. F. Grinnell. Jr., read a paper on Sexual Variation of Butter- 

 flies, reviewing some recent literature on the subject by different men 

 in various parts of the world, and illustrating certain points with 

 several boxes of specimens. Particular attention was directed to the 

 significant variation of the Dog's Head Butterfly. Colias eurydice and 

 the Eastern Colias caesonia. 



Mr. Ernest De Koven Leffingwell, the well-known Arctic ex- 

 plorer '^ave a very interesting account of the topography, geology 

 and natural history of the northern part of Alaska, illustrating his 



remarks with a map. . . . ^. , , i- 



Mr Chas. E. Rilliet, a member of the Baldwin-Ziegler polar expedi- 

 tion, with Mr. Leffingwell, related some experiences with this expedi- 

 tion' which were highly instructive and sometimes amusing. 



Dr C L Edwards moved that a vote of thanks be extended to 

 Mr Leffingwell and Mr. Rilliet for their very valuable talks, which 

 was seconded by Mr. Grinnell and unanimously agreed to by all 



present. . r ,i .. ui- i ^ 



Dr. Whiting told of the value and importance of the establishment 



49 



