obtained by surrounding those parts with trenches deep and 

 wide enough to prevent their escape. 



The exact meaning of artificial fecundation is the bringing 

 of the spermatozoon into immediate contact with the ovum ;■ 

 this term is also used for any artificial facilitation of the con- 

 tact of these two cells, that is to say, not by the way of sexual 

 union. 



As a rule, people have no very exact ideas of the way in 

 which the process of development from cell to infant in the 

 maternal womb takes place. 



People do not know generally that every human being, 

 like all other animals and plants, was one single cell at the 

 beginning- — the ovum, which with man measures 1-5 mm. in 

 diameter. The formation of these ova takes place with woman 

 in special glands (ovaries). If, now, a new individual is to 

 develop from this ovum, fecundation is indispensable. 



The process of fecundation takes place when a spermato- 

 zoon* penetrates the ovum, after which the latter begins to 

 undergo the changes wdiich finally result in the complete or- 

 ganism of the infant at birth. 



Sexual intercourse is even not at all necessary, as success- 

 ful artificial fecundation proves. This operation is always pos- 

 sible with a normal woman, and is harmless. 



Not only has the artificial fecundation of mammals (as 

 squirrel, rabbit, dog and and horse) been successful, but also, 

 in the same way, animals of dififerent species (as hare and 

 rabbit), but with blood of the same formation, have been 

 crossed. 



From this it follows that it is possible to carry out artifi- 

 cial fecundation with all aniiuals of the same species or closely 

 related species, as in the case of anthropoid apes and man. 



For this it is necessarv to know' the anatomical struc- 

 ture and the physiological functions of the generative organs 

 of the anthropoid apes, and, luoreover to be entirely conver- 

 sant with the special method to be applied, based on this 

 knowledge. 



The descendants (hybrids) of man and anthropoid apes, 

 we will call them ape-men, will resemble the creatures, the 

 remains of which have been found and that have their place be- 

 tween anthropoid apes and man. As, however, the remains 

 of what has existed are preserved only under favourable cir- 

 cumstances, the chance of finding anything is very small, and 

 yet several skulls have already been found wdiich have be- 

 longed to creatures that must be placed between the anthropoid 

 apes and man. 



The three skulls, (Fig. 2, 3 and 4) one found in 1856 in 

 the valley of Neander near Dusseldorf and now on view in 

 the museum at Bonn ; another found in 1887 in one of the 



* The spermatozoon are the active fertilizing agents found in the 

 sperm; with man their length is 0.055 mm. more or less. 



34 



