differs from the eow in its more convex and broader forehead, in 

 the greal size of the horn cores, which suddenly drop below the 

 level of the occiput, and in the proportionately smaller teeth. The 

 one figured in situ, Figure !*1>, is the Hist find of the Academy. it 

 is doubtless the skull of a female and measures thirty-one inches 

 between the horn core ti|is. Enough material has been found to restore 

 this skeleton entire. They are not represented in large numbers, and 



yet in comparing the size and habits of the species with that of 



Others their must have lain a great many in the country. The dis- 

 tribution of the American ox was wide over the whole northern 

 hemisphere. The bison, which forms a distinct group of the genus 

 Bos is characteristic of North Amen. -a, although the Bos Americanus 

 (living) ranges far down into the United States. The European bison 

 in addition to spreading all over Europe in Pleistocene times, wandered 

 to Arctic America. This group wandered still farther and one species 

 was found iii the Pleistocene of Texas in 1846. It was likely the 

 progenitor of the recent species id' this eountry. Peculiarly, this last 

 has a very near relative in the Pliocene formation of the Siwalik 

 Hills of India. It is further remarkable that none of these forms 

 are found as yet determined in the Brea Beds, but another old 

 World form, the ancient ox (B. antiquus), is our find. 



This species was no doubt, quite numerous, and attained to an 

 enormous size, much larger than any living forms. A generalized 

 type of the antelope (called Protragoceros) marks the first appearance 

 of the hollow horned ruminants (Bovidae) which now affords numerous 

 illustrations in the fauna of the old world. Thus another species 

 nourished from the Miocene of Europe and India, spread over Asia, 

 crossed the Behring bridge and then passed away, while the more 

 hardy bison id' our plains have survived. 



To find camel material in our diggings was a happy surprise. 

 Other large animals had been represented in fair numbers and to 

 add the ancient camel to the long list was a pleasure, indeed. 



Of this animal only an imperfect skull and several limb bones 

 have so far been unearthed. for the living forms, (although none 

 are now wild) our minds revert to the Orient ami it is scarcely 

 believable thai they once strode over this country, yet this is true, 

 as is evidenced by this and other finds which have been made here- 

 tofore, at other places. 



Of the camel (('amolidne) family we have living representatives 

 in the camels of Asia and Africa and the Vicunas guanacos and 

 llamas of Smith America. fossil camels occur in the Pliocene of 

 India and the Pleistocene of Algeria, while a host of extinct genera 

 more or less closely allied to the living South America forms, occurs 

 in the Tertiary deposits of the Pnited States. 



It is interesting to note that, since in Argentine and Brazil, 

 remains of the llama and the related types occur only in the more 

 recenl of Monte Eermosa and Pampean and cavern deposits; these 

 South Ameriea species evidently were comparatively recent immi- 

 grants to that region from North America. The fact, too, that the 

 fossil remains are found no lower in India and Europe than th<* 

 Pliocene, makes it certain that they migrated from Asia to the west 

 into Algeria, appearing there in time to lie fossilized ill the Pleistocene 

 beds. While the fossil remains are so scarce and so narrowly confined 

 in the old world, it is quite the reverse in the new. In North America, 

 camel remains range from Hie Pleistocene down to the lower OligOCene 

 and with a geographical distribution that is as wide as the continent. 

 Prom the living form downward we meet with such types as Plaiudienia, 

 PrOCameluS, Protolabis to the very small generalized animal of the 



:,7 



