Preliminary Report of Studies of 

 Vertebrate Blood. 



By Louisa Burns, M. S., D. 0. 



This series of studies was begun because of the lack of 

 reports of studies in the comparative morphology of blood. 

 The hope is, also, studies of the development of the blood 

 corpuscles might throw some light upon the changes in human 

 blood under certain pathological conditions. 



The hemoglobin was determined by Dare's hemoglobino- 

 meter. Normal human blood reads 100% by this instrument. 

 The corpuscles were counted by the Thoma-Zeiss apparatus, 

 with a counting chamber of Turck's ruling. The blood was 

 diluted two hundred times with Toisson's fluid. The differen- 

 tial count was made from smears stained with eosinate of 

 methylene blue. From five hundred to one thousand cells 

 were counted by the differential method. The work was done 

 in the laboratories of The Pacific College of Osteopathy, and 

 the apparatus used was provided by that school. 



The first count is that of the blood of an adult female 

 dog. Hemoglobin, 1007c. — i- e.. equal to the hemoglobin of 

 normal human blood. Erythrocytes. 6.984,000 per cubic milli- 

 meter. Each erythrocyte carries 74-100 as much hemoglobin 

 as does each human erythrocyte. Leucocytes. 11,800 per cubic 

 millimeter. Of these, 3.8% or 448 per cubic m. m. were large 

 lymphocytes, resembling those of human blood. 35%. or 4130 

 per cubic m. m. were small lymphocytes, resembling those of 

 normal human blood. These numbers exceed those of nor- 

 mal human blood. 



Mononuclear neutrophiles were not found in numbers to 

 equal 1-10 of 1%. 



48%, or 5664 per cu. m. m. were polymorphonuclear 

 neutrophiles. These were rather smaller than those found in 

 human blood, and they are also less numerous. 



10.8%, or 1274 per cu. m. m. are eosinophiles. The 

 granules of these are larger than those of human eosinophiles, 

 and the numbers are ten times as great as in normal human 

 blood. 



The basophiles (granular, polymorphonuclear) include 

 2.4% . or about 283 per cu. m .m. These resemble similar cells 

 in normal human blood, but are about ten times as numerous. 

 A very few amphophiles were found, less than 1-10 of 1%. 



The blood serum is isotonic with human serum. 



72 



