On account of the reversal of the deflections, it was con- 

 eluded that the friction of the bullets with the air developed 

 electrical charges upon them, and the lines of Eorce rising out 

 from these moving charges caused currents of electricity to be 

 se1 up in the transformer, as they cut down through the tops of 

 the eoils to reach the iron core. If the current in a battery 

 Hows from the copper to the zinc, then the charge on the bul- 

 let in the afternoon must have been a positive charge, because 

 it produced the opposite effect that was produced by the nega- 

 tive charges, which constitute the currenl (lowing in the bat- 

 tery circuit. The charge on the bullet in the morning would 

 then be negative, because they produced the same inductive 

 effect as the uegatjve charges flowing in the battery circuit. 

 The varying value of the deflections, and the fact that wood, 

 glass, rubber, carbon, copper, aluminum and lead all gave de- 

 flections of varying values, shows that we are not dealing with 

 inertia effects, but that we have to do with i'rictional electricity. 

 The effect due to the earth's Held is also disposed of since non- 

 conductors have no currents set up in them when they cut 

 electromagnetic lines. 



The charging of the bullets oppositely in the morning and 

 afternoon clearly indicates that the condition of the atmosphere 

 has to do with the phenomena. The air is un-ionized in the 

 morning, and in the afternoon it becomes highly ionized by 

 the continual effect produced by the rays of the sun. The 

 ultra violet light of the sun's rays causes this ionization. Thus 

 the charge on the bullets was due in the morning to friction 

 in un-ionized air and in the afternoon to friction in ionized air. 

 Consequently we might expect that they would charge nega- 

 tively in the afternoon, due to an excess of electrons in the 

 atmosphere, and positively in the morning due to their ab- 

 sence, -lust the contrary happened, however, and the cause 

 of this will be taken up later. 



Every precaution was taken to prevent the transformer 

 moving at the discharge of the cannon. The order of the re- 

 sults also show that the deflections were not due to this cause. 



By men ns of this experiment we are able to examine the 

 held existing around a moving positive charge, as well as that 

 around a moving negative charge. These charges were mov- 

 ing swiftly enough to set up electromagnetic fields around the 

 direction of their path, and the results show that the field 

 around the positive charge is rotating oppositely to the held 

 around the negative charge; so that, if we assume that the 

 field around the negative charge rotates right-handedly, then 

 the field around the positive charge is rotating left-handedly, 

 when the charges are moving in the same direction. 



On the morning of December 6th an electric storm was 

 in progress. These storms are called northers in this section. 

 The north wind blows, accompanied by dry and electrical con- 



65 



