LIST OF THE MORE IMPORTANT WOODS OF THE UNITED 



STATES. 



[Arranged alphabet ically.] 



A.-tOlVIFEROUS WOODS. 



Woods of simple and uniform structure, generally light, soft but stiff; abundant 

 in suitable dimensions and forming by far the greatest part of all the lumber used 

 CEDAR. — Light, soft, stiff, not strong, of fine texture; sap and heartwood distinct, 

 the former lighter, the latter a dull, grayish brown, or red. The wood seasons 

 rapidly, shrinks and checks but little, and is very durable. Used like soft pine, 

 but owing to its great durability preferred for shingles, etc. Small sizes used for 

 posts, ties, etc. 1 Cedars usually occur scattered, but they form, in certain local- 

 ities, forests of considerable extent. 



a. White cedars. — Heartwood a light grayish brown. 



1. White cedar (Thuya occidentalis) (Arborvitse): Scattered along streams and 

 lakes, frequently covering extensive swamps; rarely large enough for lumber, 

 but commonly used for posts, ties, etc. Maine to Minnesota and northward. 



2. Canoe CEDAR ( Thuya gigantea)(r(n\. cedar of the West) : In Oregon and Washing- 

 ton a very large tree, covering extensive swamps; in the mountains much 

 smaller, skirting the water courses; an important lumber tree. Washington 

 to northern California and east ward to Montana. 



3. White cedar( Chamcecyparis thyoides): Medium-sized tree, wood very light and 

 soft. Along the coast from Maine to Mississippi. 



4. White cedar (Chamcecyparis lawaoniana) (Port Orford cedar, Oregon cedar, 

 Lawson's cypress, ginger pine): A very large tree, extensively cut for lumber; 

 heavier and stronger than the preceding. Along the coast line of Oregon. 



5. White cedar (Liboceriru-s decurrena) (incense cedar): A large tree, abundantly 

 scattered among pine and fir; wood tine grained. Cascades and Sierra Nevada 

 of Oregon and California. 



b. Red cedars. — Heartwood red. 



6. Red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) (Savin juniper): Similar to white cedar, but 

 of somewhat finer texture. Used iu cabinetwork in cooperage, for veneers, and 

 especially for lead pencils, for which purpose alone several million feet are 

 cut each year. A small to medium sized tree scattered through the forests, 

 or, in the West, sparsely covering extensive areas (cedar brakes). The red 

 cedar is the most widely distributed conifer of the Uuited States, occurring 

 from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Florida to Minnesota, but attains 

 a suitable size for lumber only in the Southern, and more especially the Gulf, 

 States. 



' 7. Redwood (Sequoia sempcrvirens) : Wood in its quality and uses like white cedar; 

 the narrow sapwood whitish ; the heartwood light red, soon turning to brownish 

 red when exposed. A very large tree, limited to the coast ranges of California, 

 and forming considerable forests, which are rapidly being converted into lumber- 



CYPRESS. 

 8. Cypress (Taxodium distichum) (bald cypress; black, white, and red cypress): 

 Wood in appearance, quality, and uses similar to white cedar. ''Black 



1 Since almost all kinds of woods are used for fuel and charcoal, and iu the construction of fences, 

 sheds, barns, etc., the enumeration of these uses has been omitted in this list. 



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