LIST OP CONIFEROUS WOODS. 75 



26. Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) (slash pine, Carolina pine, yellow pine, old 

 field pine, etc.): Resembles loblolly pine; often approaches in its wood the Nor- 

 way pine. The common lumber pine of Missouri and Arkansas. North Carolina 

 to Texas and Missouri. 



27. Cuban, pine (Pinus cubensis) (slash pine, swamp pine, bastard pine, meadow 

 piue) : Resembles longleaf pine, but commonly has wider sapwood and coarser 

 grain; does n'ot enter the markets to any great extent. Aloug the coast from 

 South Carolina to Louisiana. 



28. Bull pixe (Finns Jeffrey i) (black pine): Large-sized tree, wood resembling 

 bull pine (P. ponderosa); used locally in California, replacing P. ponderosa at 

 high altitudes. 



The following are small to medium sized pines, uot commonly offered as lumber 

 in the market; used locally for timber, ties, etc. : 



29. Black pine (Pinus murrayana) (lodge-pole pine, tamarack) : Rocky Mountains 

 and Pacific regions. 



30. Pitch pine (Pinus rigida): Along the coast from New York to Georgia and 

 along the mountains to Kentucky. 



31. Jersey pixe (Pinus inops) (scrub pine^ : As before. 



32. Gray pixe (Pinus banksiana) (scrub pine): Maine, Vermont, and Michigan to 

 Minnesota. 



REDWOOD. (See Cedar.) 



SPRUCE. — Resembles soft pine, is light, very soft, stiff, moderately strong, less resin- 

 ous than pine; has no distinct heartwood, and is of whitish color. Used like soft 

 pine, but also employed as resonance wood and preferred for paper pulp. Spruces, 

 like pines, form extensive forests; they are more frugal, thrive on thinner soils, 

 and bear more shade, but usually require a more humid climate. "Black" and 

 "white spruce," as applied by lumbermen, usually refer to narrow and wide 

 ringed forms of the black spruce (Picea nigra). 



33. Black spruce (Picea nigra): Medium-sized tree, forms extensive forests in 

 northeastern United States and in British America; occurs scattered or in 

 groves, especially in low lands throughout the Northern pineries. Important 

 lumber tree in Eastern United States. Maine to Minnesota, British America, 

 and on the Alleghanies to North Carolina. 



34. White spruce (Picea alba): Generally associated with the preceding; most 

 abundant along streams and lakes, grows largest in Montana and forms the 

 most important tree of the subarctic forest of British America. Northern 

 United States, from Maine to Minnesota, also from Montana to Pacific, British 

 America. 



35. White spruce (Picea engelmanni) : Medium to large sized tree, forming exten- 

 sive forests at elevations from 5,000 to 10,000 feet above sea level ; resembles 

 the preceding, but occupies a different station. A very important timber tree in 

 the central and southern parts of the Rocky Mountains. Rocky Mountains from 

 Mexico to Montana. 



36. Tide-land spruce (Picea sitchensis) : A large-sized tree, forming an extensive 

 coast-belt forest. Along the seacoast from Alaska to Central California. 



BASTARD SPRUCE. — Spruce or fir in name but resembling hard pine or larch in 

 the appearance, quality, and uses of its wood. 



37. Douglas spruce (Pseudotsuga douglasii) (yellow fir, red fir, Oregon pine) : One 

 of the most important trees of the Western United States; grows very large in 

 the Pacific States, to fair size in all parts of the mountains, in Colorado up to 

 about 10,000 feet above .sea level; forms extensive forests, often of pure growth. 

 Wood very variable, usually coarsegrained and heavy, with very pronounced 

 summer wood, hard and strong ("red" fir), but often fine-grained and light 

 ("yellow" fir). It replaces hard pine and is especially suited to heavy con- 

 struction. From the plains to. the Pacific Ocean; from Mexico to British 

 America. 



