LIST OF BROAD-LEAVED WOODS. 77 



well and takes a good polish, but is not durable, if exposed. Birch is used tor 

 finishing lumber in building, in the manufacture of furniture, in wood turnery 

 for spools, boxes, wooden shoes, etc., for shoe lasts and pegs, for wagon hubs, ox 

 yokes, etc., also in wood carving. The birches are medium-sized trees, form 

 extensive forests northward and occur scattered in all broad-leaved forests of 

 the Eastern United States. 

 48. Cherry birch (Betula lenta) (black birch, sweet birch, mahogany birch): 



Medium-sized tree; very common. Maine to Michigan and to Tennessee. 

 4!i. Yellow birch i Betula lutea) (gray birch) : Medium-sized tree; common. Maine 



to Minnesota and southward to Tennessee. 



50. Red birch (Betula nigra) (river birch): Small to medium sized tree; very 

 common; lighter and less valuable thau the preceding. New England to Texas 

 and Missouri. 



51. Canoe birch (Betula papyri/era) (white birch, paper birch) : Generally a small 

 lice; common, forming forests; wood of good quality but lighter. All along 

 the northern boundary of United States and northward, from the Atlantic to 

 the Pacific. 



BLACK WALNUT. (See Walnut.) 

 BLUE BEECH. 



52. Blue beech (Carp'uius caroliniana) (hornbeam, water beech, ironwood): Wood 

 very heavy, hard, strong, very stiff, of rather fine texture and white color; 

 not durable in the ground; shrinks and checks greatly, but works and stands 

 well. Used chiefly in turnery for tool handles, etc. Abroad, much used by 

 mill and wheel wrights. A small tree, largest in the Southwest, but found in 

 nearly all parts of the Eastern United States. 



BOIS D'ARC. (See Osage orange.) 



BUCKEYE— HORSE CHESTNUT.— Wool light, soft, not strong, often quite 

 tough, of fine and uniform texture and creamy white color. It shrinks consid- 

 erably, but works and stands well. Used for wooden ware, artificial limbs, paper 

 pulp, and locally also for building lumber. Small-sized trees, scattered. 



53. Ohio buckeye (JEsculus glabra) (fetid buckeye): Alleghanies, Pennsylvania 

 to Indian Territory. 



54. Sweet buckeye (.Esculus Jlava): Alleghanies, Pennsylvania to Texas. 

 BUTTERNUT. 



55. Butternut (Juglans cinerea) (white walnut): Wood very similar to black 

 walnut, but light, quite soft, not strong and of light brown color. Used chiefly 

 for finishing lumber, cabinetwork, and cooperage. Medium-sized tree, largest 

 and most common in the Ohio basin; Maine to Minnesota and southward to 

 Georgia and Alabama. 



CAT ALP A. 



56. C atalp a (Cata Ipa speeiosa): Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, durable, of 

 coarse texture and brown color; used for ties and posts, but well suited for a 

 great variety of uses. Medium-sized tree; lower basin of the Ohio River, locally 

 common. Extensively planted, and therefore promising to become of some 

 importance. 



CHERRY. 



57. Cherry (I'runus serotina): Wood heavy, hard, strong, of fine texture; sap- 

 wood yellowish white, heartwood reddish to brown. The wood shrinks con- 

 siderably in drying, works and stands well, takes a good polish, and is much 

 esteemed for its beauty. Cherry is chiefly used as a decorative finishing lum- 

 ber for buildings, cars, and boats, also for furniture and in turnery. It is 

 becoming too costly for many purposes for which it is naturally well suited. 

 The lumber-furnishing cherry of this country, the wild black cherry (Prunus 

 serotina), is a small to medium sized tree, scattered through many of the 

 broad-leaved woods of the western slope of the Alleghanies, but found from 

 Michigan to Florida and west to Texas. Other species of this genus as well 



