80 TIMBER. 



LOCUST. — This name applies to both of the following: 



77. Black locust (Eobinia pseudacacia) (black locust, yellow locust) : Wood very 

 heavy, hard, strong, and tough, of coarse texture, very durable in contact with 

 the soil, shrinks considerably and suffers in seasoning; the very narrow sap- 

 wood yellowish, the heartwood brown, with shades of red and green. Used 

 for wagon hubs, tree nails or pins, but especially for ties, posts, ete. Abroad it 

 is much used for furniture and farm implements and also in turnery. Small to 

 medium sized tree, at home in the Alleghanies, extensively planted, especially 

 in the West. 



78. Honey locust (Gleditschia triacanthos) (black locust, sweet locust, three- 

 thorned acacia): Wood heavy, hard, strong, tough, of coarse texture, suscep- 

 tible of a good polish, the narrow sapwood yellow, the heartwood brownish red. 

 So far, but little appreciated except for fencing and fuel ; used to some extent 

 for wagon hubs and in rough construction. A medium-sized tree, found from 

 Pennsylvania to Nebraska, and southward to Florida and Texas ; locally quite 

 abundant. 



MAGNOLIA (See Tulip.) 



MAPLE. — Wood heavy, hard, strong, stiff, and tough, of fine texture, frequently 

 wavy-grained, this giving rise to "curly" and "blister" figures; not durable inthe 

 ground or otherwise exposed. Maple is creamy white, with shades of light brown 

 in the heart; shrinks moderately, seasons, works and stands well, wears smoothly, 

 and takes a fine polish. The wood is used for ceiling, flooring, paneling, stair- 

 way, and other finishing lumber in house, ship, and ear construction ; it is used for 

 the keels of boats and ships, in the manufacture of implements and machinery, but 

 especially for furniture, where entire chamber sets of maple rival those of oak. 

 Maple is also used for shoe lasts and other form blocks, for shoe pegs, for piano 

 actions, school apparatus, for wood type in show bill printing, tool handles, in wood 

 carving, turnery, and scroll work. The maples are medium-sized trees, of fairly 

 rapid growth ; sometimes form forests and frequently constitute a large proportion 

 of the arborescent growth. 



7!>. Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) (hard maple, rock maple) : Medium to large 

 sized tree, very common, forms considerable forests. Maine to Minnesota, abun- 

 dant, with birch, m parts of the pineries; southward to northern Florida; most 

 abundant in the region of the Great Lakes. 



80. Red maple (Jeer rubrum) (swamp or water maple): Medium-sized tree. 

 Like the preceding, but scattered .along water courses and other moist localhes 



81. Silver maple (Acer saccharin ion) (soft maple, silver maple) : Medium-sized, 

 common; wood lighter, softer, inferior to hard maple, and usually offered in 

 small quantities and held separate in the market. Valley of the Ohio, but 

 occurs from Maine to Dakota and southward to Florida. 



82. Bkoad-leafed maple (Acer macrophyllum) : Medium-sized tree, forms consid- 

 erable forests, and like the preceding has a lighter, softer, and less valuable 

 wood. Pacific Coast. 



MULBERRY. 



83. Red mulberry (Moms rubra): Wood moderately heavy, hard, strong, rather 

 tough, of coarse texture, durable; sapwood whitish, heart yellow to orange 

 brown; shrinks and checks considerably in drying; works and stands well- 

 Used in cooperage and locally in shipbuilding and in the manufacture of farm 

 implements. A small-sized tree, common in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, 

 but widely distributed in the Eastern United States. 



OAK. — Wood very variable, usually very heavy and hard, very stroug and tough; 

 porous, and of coarse texture; the sapwood whitish, the heart "oak" brown to 

 reddish brown. It shrinks and checks badly, giving trouble in seasoning, but 

 stands well, is durable, and little subject to attacks of insects. Oak is used 

 for many purposes: in shipbuilding, for heavy construction, in common carpentry, 



