LIST OF BROAD-LEAVED WOODS, 81 



in furniture, car, and wagon work, cooperage, turnery, and even in wood carving; 

 also in the manufacture of all kinds of farm implements, wooden mill machinery, 

 for piles and wharves, railway ties, etc. The oaks are medium to large sized trees, 

 forming the predominant part of a large portion of our hroad-leaved forests, so 

 that these are generally 'oak forests" though they always contain a considerable 

 proportion of other kinds of trees. Three well-marked kinds, white, rod, and live 

 oak, are distinguished and kept separate in the market. Of the two principal 

 kinds white oak is the stronger, tougher, less porous, and more durable. Red oak, 

 is usually of coarser texture, more porous, often brittle, less durable, and even 

 more troublesome in seasouing than white oak. In carpentry and furniture work, 

 red oak brings about the same price at present as whi,. oak. The red oaks every- 

 where accompany the white oaks, and, like the latter, are usually represented 

 by several species in any given locality. Live oak, once largely employed in 

 shipbuilding, possesses all the good qualities (except that of size) of white oak, 

 even to a greater degree. It is oue of the heaviest, hardest, and most durable 

 building timbers of this country; in structure it resembles the red oaks, but is 

 much less porous. 



84. White oak (Quercus alba) : Medium to large sized tree, common in the East- 

 ern States, Ohio and Mississippi valleys; occurs throughout Eastern United 

 States. 



85. Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) (mossy-cup oak, over-cup oak): Large-sized 

 tree, locally abundant, common. Bottoms west of Mississippi ; range farther 

 west than preceding. 



86. Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor): Large-sized tree, common. Most abun- 

 dant in the Lake States, but with range as in white oak. 



87. Yellow oak (Quercus prinoides) (chestnut oak, chinquapin oak): Medium- 

 sized tree. Southern Alleghanies, eastward to Massachusetts. 



88. Basket oak (Quercus michauxii) (cow oak): Large-sized tree, locally abun- 

 dant; lower Mississippi and eastward to Delaware. 



89. Over-cup oak (Quercus lyrata) (swamp white oak, swamp post oak) : Medium 

 to large sized tree, rather restricted ; ranges as in the preceding. 



90. Post oak (Quercus obtusiloba) (iron oak): Medium to large sized tree. 

 Arkansas to Texas, eastward to New England and northward to Michigan. 



91. White oak ( Quercus durandii) : Medium to small sized tree. Texas, eastward 

 to Alabama. 



92. White oak ( Quercus garryana) : Medium to large sized tree. Washington to 

 California. 



93. White oak (Quercus lobata): Medium to large-sized tree; largest oak on the 

 Pacilic Coast; California. 



94. Red oak (Quercus rubra) (black oak): Medium to large sized tree; common 

 in all parts of its range. Maine to Minnesota, and southward to the Gulf. 



95. Black oak (Quercus tinetoria), (yellow oak) : Medium to large sized tree; very 

 common in the Southern States, but occurring north as far as Minnesota, and 

 eastward to Maine. 



96. Spanish oak ( Quercus falcata), (red oak): Medium sized tree, common in the 

 South Atlantic and Gulf region, but found from Texas to New York, and north 

 to Missouri and Kentucky. 



97. Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea): Medium to large sized tree; best developed in 

 the lower basiu of the Ohio, but found from Maiue to Missouri, and from Minne- 

 sota to Florida. 



98. Pin oak (Quercus palustris) (swamp Spanish oak, water oak): Medium to 

 large sized tree, common along borders of streams and swamps. Arkansas to 

 Wisconsin, and eastward to the Alleghanies. 



99. Willow oak (Quercus phellos) (peach oak): Small to medium sized tree. 

 New York to Texas, and northward to Kentucky. 



3521— No. 10 6 



