28 



Table 4. Comparison of wetland types described in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Circular 39 with some of the major 



components of this classification system. 



Circular 39 type and references for examples of typical vegetation 



Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats 

 Classes Water regimes 



Water 

 chemistry 



Type 1— Seasonally flooded basins or flats 

 Wet meadow (Dix and Smeins 1967; Stewart and 



Kantrud 1972) 

 Bottomland hardwoods (Braun 1950) 

 Shallow-freshwater swamps (Penfound 1952) 



Type 2— Inland fresh meadows 

 Fen (Heinselman 1963) 

 Fen, northern sedge meadow (Curtis 1959) 



Type 3— Inland shallow fresh marshes 

 Shallow marsh (Stewart and Kantrud 1972; Golet and 

 Larson 1974) 



Type 4— Inland deep fresh marshes 

 Deep marsh (Stewart and Kantrud 1972; Golet and 

 Larson 1974) 



Type 5— Inland open fresh water 

 Open water (Golet and Larson 1974) 

 Submerged aquatic (Curtis 1959) 



Type 6— Shrub swamps 

 Shrub swamp (Golet and Larson 1974) 

 Shrub-carr, alder thicket (Curtis 1959) 



Type 7— Wooded swamps 

 Wooded swamp (Golet and Larson 1974) 

 Swamps (Penfound 1952; Heinselman 1963) 



Type 8-Bogs 

 Bog (Dansereau and Segadas-vianna 1952; Heinselman 1963) 

 Pocosin (Penfound 1952; Kologiski 1977) 



Type 9— Inland saline flats 

 Intermittent alkali zone (Stewart and Kantrud 1972) 



Type 10— Inland saline marshes 

 Inland salt marshes (Ungar 1974) 



Type 11— Inland open saline water 

 Inland saline lake community (Ungar 1974) 



Type 12— Coastal shallow fresh marshes 

 Marsh (Anderson et al. 1968) 

 Estuarine bay marshes, estuarine river marshes 



(Stewart 1962) 

 Fresh and intermediate marshes (Chabreck 1972) 



Emergent Wetland Temporarily Flooded Fresh 

 Forested Wetland Intermittently Mixosaline 



Flooded 



Emergent Wetland Saturated 



Emergent Wetland 



Emergent Wetland 

 Aquatic Bed 



Aquatic Bed 

 Unconsolidated 

 Bottom 



Scrub-Shrub 



Wetland 



Forested Wetland 



Scrub-Shrub 



Wetland 

 Forested Wetland 

 Moss-Lichen 



Wetland 



Unconsolidated 

 Shore 



Emergent Wetland 



Unconsolidated 

 Bottom 



Emergent Wetland 



Semipermanently 



Flooded 

 Seasonally Flooded 



Permanently Flooded 

 Intermittently 



Exposed 

 Semipermanently 



Flooded 



Permanently Flooded 

 Intermittently 

 Exposed 



All nontidal regimes 

 except Permanently 

 Flooded 



All nontidal regimes 

 except Permanently 

 Flooded 



Saturated 



Fresh 

 Mixosaline 



Fresh 

 Mixosaline 



Seasonally Flooded 

 Temporarily Flooded 

 Intermittently 

 Flooded 



Semipermanently 



Flooded 

 Seasonally Flooded 



Permanently Flooded 

 Intermittently 

 Exposed 



Regularly Flooded 

 Irregularly Flooded 

 Semipermanently 

 Flooded-Tidal 



Fresh 

 Mixosaline 



Fresh 



Mixosaline 



Fresh 



Fresh 



Fresh 

 (acid only) 



Eusaline 

 Hypersaline 



Eusaline 



Eusaline 



Mixohaline 

 Fresh 



